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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >Why does Existential Threat Promote Intergroup Violence? Examining the Role of Retributive Justice and Cost-Benefit Utility Motivations
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Why does Existential Threat Promote Intergroup Violence? Examining the Role of Retributive Justice and Cost-Benefit Utility Motivations

机译：为什么现有威胁会促进群体间暴力？审查分配正义和成本效益效用动机的作用

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The current research examined the role of retributive justice and cost-benefit utility motivations in the process through which mortality salience increases support for violent responses to intergroup conflict. Specifically, previous research has shown that mortality salience often encourages political violence, especially when perceptions of retributive justice are activated. The current research examined whether mortality salience directly activates a justice mindset over a cost-benefit utility mindset, and whether this justice mindset is associated with support for political violence. In Study 1 (N = 209), mortality salience was manipulated among Israeli participants who then read about a Hamas attack on Israel with either no casualties or many casualties, after which justice and utility motivations for retribution were assessed. Study 2 (N = 112), examined whether the link between death primes and support for an Israeli preemptive strike on Iran’s nuclear facilities is mediated by justice or cost-benefit utility considerations. Results of both studies revealed that primes of death increased justice-related motivations, and these motives, rather than utility motives, were associated with support for violence. Findings suggest that existential concerns often fuel violent intergroup conflict because they increase desire for retributive justice, rather than increase belief that violence is an effective strategy. These findings expand our knowledge on the motivations for intergroup violence, and shed experimental light on real-life eruptions of violent conflict indicating that when existential concerns are salient, as they often are during violent conflict, the decision to engage in violence often disregards the utility of violence, and leads to the preference for violent solutions to political problems – even when these solutions make little practical sense.
机译：当前的研究检验了报酬正义和成本效益效用动机在死亡率显着性增加对暴力应对群体间冲突的支持过程中的作用。具体而言，先前的研究表明，死亡率显着性通常会助长政治暴力，尤其是当人们对报应性正义的认识被激活时。当前的研究调查了死亡率显着性是否直接激活了成本效益公用事业思维方式之上的正义思维方式，以及这种正义思维方式是否与对政治暴力的支持有关。在研究1（N = 209）中，操纵了以色列参与者的死亡率显着性，然后他们读到了哈马斯对以色列的袭击，没有人员伤亡，也没有很多人员伤亡，之后评估了报应的正义和效用动机。研究2（N = 112）研究了死亡初期与对以色列对伊朗核设施的先发制人的支持之间的联系是否是出于司法或成本效益公用事业的考虑。两项研究的结果都表明，死亡盛行会增加与正义相关的动机，而这些动机而非效用动机与暴力支持有关。研究结果表明，存在的担忧通常会加剧群体间的暴力冲突，因为它们增加了人们对报应性正义的渴望，而不是增强了人们对暴力是一种有效策略的信念。这些发现扩大了我们对群体间暴力动机的认识，并为现实生活中的暴力冲突爆发提供了实验性启示，表明当存在的关切是突出的时，就像在暴力冲突期间一样，参与暴力的决定通常会忽略效用。暴力，并导致倾向于采用暴力解决方案来解决政治问题-即使这些解决方案几乎没有实际意义。

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