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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Psychology >The Level of Vision Necessary for Competitive Performance in Rifle Shooting: Setting the Standards for Paralympic Shooting with Vision Impairment
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The Level of Vision Necessary for Competitive Performance in Rifle Shooting: Setting the Standards for Paralympic Shooting with Vision Impairment

机译：步枪射击比赛中必不可少的视觉水平：为视力障碍的残奥射击设定标准

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The aim of this study was to investigate the level of vision impairment (VI) that would reduce performance in shooting; to guide development of entry criteria to visually impaired (VI) shooting. Nineteen international-level shooters without VI took part in the study. Participants shot an air rifle, while standing, toward a regulation target placed at the end of a 10 m shooting range. Cambridge simulation glasses were used to simulate six different levels of VI. Visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) were assessed along with shooting performance in each of seven conditions of simulated impairment and compared to that with habitual vision. Shooting performance was evaluated by calculating each individual’s average score in every level of simulated VI and normalizing this score by expressing it as a percentage of the baseline performance achieved with habitual vision. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the ability of different VA and CS cut-off criteria to appropriately classify these athletes as achieving ‘expected’ or ‘below expected’ shooting results based on their performance with different levels of VA and CS. Shooting performance remained relatively unaffected by mild decreases in VA and CS, but quickly deteriorated with more moderate losses. The ability of visual function measurements to classify shooting performance was good, with 78% of performances appropriately classified using a cut-off of 0.53 logMAR and 74% appropriately classified using a cut-off of 0.83 logCS. The current inclusion criteria for VI shooting (1.0 logMAR) is conservative, maximizing the chance of including only those with an impairment that does impact performance, but potentially excluding some who do have a genuine impairment in the sport. A lower level of impairment would include more athletes who do have a genuine impairment but would potentially include those who do not actually have an impairment that impacts performance in the sport. An impairment to CS could impact performance in the sport and might be considered in determining eligibility to take part in VI competition.
机译：这项研究的目的是研究会降低拍摄性能的视力障碍（VI）水平;指导制定视障（VI）拍摄的入门标准。 19名没有VI的国际水平的射击者参加了这项研究。参与者站立时朝着位于10 m射击范围末端的管制目标射击气步枪。剑桥模拟眼镜用于模拟六种不同级别的VI。评估了视力（VA）和对比敏感度（CS）以及在模拟障碍的七个条件下的射击表现，并与习惯性视力进行了比较。通过计算每个模拟VI级别中每个人的平均得分，并通过将其表示为习惯性视力获得的基线表现的百分比来标准化该得分，来评估射击表现。构造接收者操作特征曲线来评估不同的VA和CS截止标准，以根据不同水平的VA和CS的表现将这些运动员适当地分类为达到“预期”或“低于预期”射击结果的能力。 VA和CS的轻度下降不会影响拍摄性能，但很快会下降，但损失更为适中。视觉功能测量对拍摄性能进行分类的能力很好，其中有78％的性能使用0.53 logMAR的临界值进行了适当分类，而74％的性能使用0.83 logCS的临界值进行了适当分类。当前VI射击的纳入标准（1.0 logMAR）是保守的，最大限度地增加了仅包括那些会影响性能的障碍者的机会，但可能会排除某些在运动中真正受损的人。较低的障碍水平将包括更多确实有真正障碍的运动员，但可能包括实际上没有影响运动表现的运动员。 CS受损可能会影响这项运动的表现，并可能在确定参加VI比赛的资格时予以考虑。

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