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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular and Cellular Biology >Identification of Specificity Determinants and Generation of Alleles with Novel Specificity at the het-cHeterokaryon Incompatibility Locus of Neurospora crassa
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Identification of Specificity Determinants and Generation of Alleles with Novel Specificity at the het-cHeterokaryon Incompatibility Locus of Neurospora crassa

机译：鉴定神经孢菌的het-cHeterokaryary不相容性基因座的特异性决定子和具有新特异性的等位基因的产生

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The capacity for nonself recognition is a ubiquitous and essential aspect of biology. In filamentous fungi, nonself recognition during vegetative growth is believed to be mediated by genetic differences at heterokaryon incompatibility (het) loci. Filamentous fungi are capable of undergoing hyphal fusion to form mycelial networks and with other individuals to form vegetative heterokaryons, in which genetically distinct nuclei occupy a common cytoplasm. InNeurospora crassa, 11 het loci have been identified that affect the viability of such vegetative heterokaryons. The het-c locus has at least three mutually incompatible alleles, termed het-cOR, het-cPA , and het-cGR . Hyphal fusion between strains that are of alternative het-c specificity results in vegetative heterokaryons that are aconidial and which show growth inhibition and hyphal compartmentation and death. A 34- to 48-amino-acid variable domain, which is dissimilar in HET-COR, HET-CPA, and HET-CGR, confers allelic specificity. To assess requirements for allelic specificity, we constructed chimeras between the het-c variable domain from 24 different isolates that displayed amino acid and insertion or deletion variations and determined their het-c specificity by introduction into N. crassa. We also constructed a number of artificial alleles that contained novel het-cspecificity domains. By this method, we identified four additional and novel het-c specificities. Our results indicate that amino acid and length variations within the insertion or deletion motif are the primary determinants for conferring het-c allelic specificity. These results provide a molecular model for nonself recognition in multicellular eucaryotes.
机译：非自我识别的能力是生物学普遍存在且必不可少的方面。在丝状真菌中，营养生长过程中的非自我识别被认为是由异核体不相容性（ het ）位点的遗传差异介导的。丝状真菌能够经历菌丝融合以形成菌丝体网络，并能够与其他个体形成营养异核体，其中遗传上不同的核占据共同的细胞质。在 Neurospora crassa 中，已鉴定出11个 het 基因座，这些基因座可影响此类营养异核体的活力。 het-c 基因座具有至少三个相互不兼容的等位基因，称为 het-c OR ，het-c PA 和 het-c GR 。具有不同 het-c 特异性的菌​​株之间的菌丝融合会导致植物性杂核体，其具有附生孢子，并显示出生长抑制和菌丝分隔和死亡。 HET-C OR ，HET-C PA 和HET-C GR 的34-48个氨基酸可变域。 sup>，赋予等位基因特异性。为了评估对等位基因特异性的要求，我们在24个不同的分离株的 het-c 可变域之间构建了嵌合体，这些分离株显示氨基酸和插入或缺失变异，并确定了它们的 het-c 通过引入 N获得特异性。 crassa 。我们还构建了许多包含新颖的 het-c 特异性域的人工等位基因。通过这种方法，我们确定了另外四个新颖的​​ het-c 特异性。我们的结果表明，插入或缺失基序中的氨基酸和长度变化是赋予 het-c 等位基因特异性的主要决定因素。这些结果为在多细胞真核生物中非自我识别提供了分子模型。

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