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首页> 外文期刊>Molecular and Cellular Biology >Cytoplasmic dynein (ddlc1) mutations cause morphogenetic defects and apoptotic cell death in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Cytoplasmic dynein (ddlc1) mutations cause morphogenetic defects and apoptotic cell death in Drosophila melanogaster.

机译：细胞质动力蛋白（ddlc1）突变会导致果蝇的形态发生缺陷和凋亡细胞死亡。

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摘要

We report the molecular and genetic characterization of the cytoplasmic dynein light-chain gene, ddlc1, from Drosophila melanogaster. ddlc1 encodes the first cytoplasmic dynein light chain identified, and its genetic analysis represents the first in vivo characterization of cytoplasmic dynein function in higher eucaryotes. The ddlc1 gene maps to 4E1-2 and encodes an 89-amino-acid polypeptide with a high similarity to the axonemal 8-kDa outer-arm dynein light chain from Chlamydomonas flagella. Developmental Northern (RNA) blot analysis and ovary and embryo RNA in situ hybridizations indicate that the ddlc1 gene is expressed ubiquitously. Anti-DDLC1 antibody analyses show that the DDLC1 protein is localized in the cytoplasm. P-element-induced partial-loss-of-function mutations cause pleiotropic morphogenetic defects in bristle and wing development, as well as in oogenesis, and hence result in female sterility. The morphological abnormalities found in the ovaries are always associated with a loss of cellular shape and structure, as visualized by a disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Total-loss-of-function mutations cause lethality. A large proportion of mutant animals degenerate during embryogenesis, and the dying cells show morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis, namely, cell and nuclear condensation and fragmentation, as well as DNA degradation. Cloning of the human homolog of the ddlc1 gene, hdlc1, demonstrates that the dynein light-chain 1 is highly conserved in flies and humans. Northern blot analysis and epitope tagging show that the hdlc1 gene is ubiquitously expressed and that the human dynein light chain 1 is localized in the cytoplasm. hdlc1 maps to 14q24.
机译：我们报告了果蝇黑质细胞质动力蛋白轻链基因ddlc1的分子和遗传特征。 ddlc1编码确定的第一个胞质动力蛋白轻链，其遗传分析代表了高等真核生物中胞质动力蛋白功能的第一个体内表征。 ddlc1基因定位于4E1-2，编码一个89氨基酸的多肽，与衣藻衣原体的轴索8 kDa外臂动力蛋白轻链高度相似。发育性Northern（RNA）印迹分析以及卵巢和胚胎RNA原位杂交表明，ddlc1基因无处不在。抗DDLC1抗体分析表明DDLC1蛋白位于细胞质中。 P元素诱导的部分功能丧失突变在猪鬃和机翼的发育以及卵子形成中引起多效性形态发生缺陷，从而导致女性不育。在卵巢中发现的形态异常总是与细胞形状和结构的丧失有关，如肌动蛋白细胞骨架的紊乱所可见。功能完全丧失突变会导致致命性。很大一部分突变动物在胚胎发生过程中退化，垂死的细胞显示出细胞凋亡的形态学变化特征，即细胞和核的凝结和断裂以及DNA降解。 ddlc1基因人类同系物hdlc1的克隆表明，蝇和人中的达因轻链1是高度保守的。 Northern印迹分析和表位标记显示，hdclc1基因无处不在表达，并且人达因轻链1位于细胞质中。 hdlc1映射到14q24。

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