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Uptake dynamics of graphene quantum dots into primary human blood cells following in vitro exposure

机译：暴露于人体后，石墨烯量子点对原代人血细胞的吸收动力学

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Human leukocytes obtained from samples of leukapheresis products of three healthy donors stimulated by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were exposed to graphene quantum dots. A time- and concentration dependent uptake was observed with a significantly greater uptake into monocytes and granulocytes in comparison to lymphocytes, suggesting a better incorporation ability of cells with phagocytotic properties. The uptake rates also correlate with the cell membrane area. Looking at the different lymphoid subsets a greater uptake was found into CD19+ B-, CD56+ natural killer cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in comparison to CD4+ T- and CD8+ T cells. Independent of the cell type studied, the observed uptake dynamics is consistent with a diffusion-driven process, which allows the determination of cell-specific membrane permeabilities for the graphene quantum dots. The toxicity of the quantum dots is relatively low resulting in a 90% viability of the entire leukocyte population after 36 hours of exposure to GQDs at a concentration of 500 μg ml?1.
机译：从由粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）刺激的三个健康供体的白细胞分离术产物的样品中获得的人白细胞暴露于石墨烯量子点。观察到时间和浓度依赖的摄取，与淋巴细胞相比，单核细胞和粒细胞的摄取显着更大，表明具有吞噬作用的细胞具有更好的掺入能力。摄取率也与细胞膜面积相关。观察不同的淋巴样亚群，发现CD19 + B-，CD56 + 自然杀伤细胞摄取更多和CD34 + 造血干细胞（HSC）与CD4 + T-和CD8 < sup> + T细胞。与研究的细胞类型无关，观察到的吸收动力学与扩散驱动过程一致，该过程可以确定石墨烯量子点的细胞特异性膜渗透性。量子点的毒性相对较低，在浓度为500μgml ？1 的GQD中暴露36小时后，整个白细胞群体的生存力达到90％ 。

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