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Three-component 1D and 2D metal phosphonates: structural variability, topological analysis and catalytic hydrocarboxylation of alkanes

机译:三组分一维和二维金属膦酸酯:烷烃的结构变异性,拓扑分析和催化加氢羧基化

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Herein, we report the use of diphosphonate building blocks and chelating auxiliary N,N-ligands to generate novel polymeric architectures. Specifically, we report new 1D and 2D coordination polymers incorporating three components: transition metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ or Zn2+), diphosphonate ligands (methane-diphosphonate, MDPA, or 1,2-ethanediphosphonate, EDPA) and N,N-heterocyclic chelators (1,10-phenanthroline, phen, or 2,2′-bipyridine, bpy). Six compounds were isolated under mild synthesis (ambient temperature) conditions: [Cu2(phen)2(EDPA)2(H2O)4] (1), [Co(phen)(EDPA)(H2O)2] (1a), {[Cu(phen)(MDPA)]·H2O]} (2), [Mn(bpy)(EDPA)(H2O)2] (3), [Zn(bpy)(EDPA)] (4), and, lastly, a discrete Ni2+ molecular derivative [Ni(phen)(H2O)4](EDPA) (5). Synthetic details, crystal structures, and intermolecular interactions (π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding) in 1–5 are discussed. Topological analyses and classification of the underlying metal–organic networks in 1–4 were performed, revealing the uninodal 1D chains with the 2C1 topology in 1–3 and the binodal 2D layers with the 3,4L13 topology in 4. In 1–3 and 5, multiple hydrogen bonds lead to the extension of the structures to give 3D H-bonded nets with the seh-4,6-C2/c topology in 1 and 3, 2D H-bonded layers with the 3,5L52 topology in 2, and a 3D H-bonded net with the 6,6T1 topology in 5. The catalytic activity of compounds 1 and 1a was evaluated in a single-step hydrocarboxylation of cyclic and linear C5–C8 alkanes to furnish the carboxylic acids with one more carbon atom. These reactions proceed in the presence of CO, K2S2O8, and H2O at 60 °C in MeCN/H2O medium. Compound 1 showed higher activity than 1a and was studied in detail. Substrate scope was investigated, revealing that cyclohexane and n-pentane are the most reactive among the cyclic and linear C5–C8 alkanes, and resulting in the total yields of carboxylic acids (based on substrate) of up to 43 and 36%, respectively. In the case of cycloalkane substrates, only one cycloalkanecarboxylic acid is produced, whereas a series of isomeric monocarboxylic acids is generated when using linear alkanes; an increased regioselectivity at the C(2) position of the hydrocarbon chain was also observed.
机译:在此,我们报告了使用二膦酸酯结构单元和螯合辅助N,N-配体来生成新型聚合物结构的情况。具体而言,我们报告了新的1D和2D配位聚合物,其中包含三个成分:过渡金属离子(Co 2 + ,Cu 2 + < / small>,Mn 2 + 或Zn 2 + ),二膦酸酯配体(甲烷二膦酸酯,MDPA,或1,2-乙二膦酸酯(EDPA)和N,N-杂环螯合剂(1,10-菲咯啉,phen或2,2'-联吡啶,bpy)。在温和的合成(环境温度)条件下分离出六种化合物:[Cu 2 (phen) 2 (EDPA ) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ] (1),[Co(phen)(EDPA)(H 2 O) 2 ] (1a),{[Cu(phen)(MDPA)]·H 2 O]} (2),[Mn(bpy)(EDPA)(H 2 O) 2 ] (3),[Zn(bpy)(EDPA )] (4),最后是离散的Ni 2 + 分子衍生物[Ni(phen )(H 2 O) 4 ](EDPA)(5)。讨论了1-5中的合成细节,晶体结构和分子间相互作用(π-π堆积和氢键)。在1-4中对基础金属-有机网络进行了拓扑分析和分类,揭示了在1–3中具有2C1拓扑结构的单节点1D链和在4中具有3,4L13拓扑结构的二面体2D层。如图5所示,多个氢键导致结构扩展,从而在1和3中形成具有seh-4,6-C2 / c拓扑结构的3D H键合网络,在2和3,5L52拓扑结构中形成2D H键合层2,以及在5中具有6,6T1拓扑的3D H键合网。在环状和线性C 5 的一步加氢羧化反应中评估了化合物1和1a的催化活性。 small> –C 8 烷烃,可为羧酸提供一个以上的碳原子。这些反应在CO,K 2 S 2 O 8 < / sub> 和H 2 O在60°C的MeCN / H 2 O中中。化合物1显示出比1a更高的活性,并进行了详细研究。研究了底物的范围,发现环己烷和 n -戊烷在环状和线性C 5 –C < sub> 8 烷烃,羧酸的总收率(基于底物计)分别高达43%和36%。在环烷烃底物的情况下,仅产生一种环烷烃羧酸,而当使用直链烷烃时,会产生一系列异构一元羧酸。还观察到在烃链的C(2)位置增加的区域选择性。

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