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Mechanical behaviour of Longmaxi black shale saturated with different fluids: an experimental study

机译：龙马溪黑页岩不同流体饱和力学行为的实验研究

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The fluid–shale interaction during carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced shale gas recovery processes may have significant influences on the mechanical behaviour of shale, and it is also of great importance for the long-term safety of CO2 geological sequestration in shale formations. In this work, shale samples from the Longmaxi formation in the Sichuan basin were used to investigate the mechanical properties and the acoustic emission (AE) behaviour of shale upon saturation with different fluids (water, brine, and CO2–brine mixture with different CO2 phase states) at 45 °C. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis results show that major element alterations occur after shale is treated with supercritical CO2–brine and subcritical CO2–brine, the element content of Ca, K and Al in supercritical CO2–brine saturated shale was decreased by 16.7%, 5.8% and 6.3%, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis results indicate that significant surface structural changes occur in shale after saturated with CO2 and brine. Furthermore, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus (E) of shale with different fluid saturation were decreased. Supercritical CO2 cause a greater reduction of UCS and E compared to subcritical CO2 due to its higher adsorption capability and larger CO2 adsorption induced swelling. The maximum reduction in UCS and E of shale was observed in the case of CO2–brine saturated samples, and the influence of the CO2 phase on the mechanical behaviour of shale under brine conditions is not negligible. The fracture propagation pattern changes in shale after fluid saturation are also explained by the AE analysis.
机译：二氧化碳（CO 2 ）增强页岩气采收过程中的流体-页岩相互作用可能对页岩的力学行为有重要影响，这对于页岩的力学行为也具有重要意义。页岩地层中CO 2 地质隔离的长期安全性。在这项工作中，使用四川盆地龙马溪组的页岩样品研究了在不同流体（水，盐水和CO 2）饱和后页岩的力学性质和声发射（AE）行为。 –具有不同CO 2 相态的盐水混合物），温度为45°C。 X射线荧光（XRF）分析结果表明，超临界CO 2 -盐水和亚临界CO 2 < / sub> -盐水中，超临界CO 2 -盐水饱和页岩中Ca，K和Al的元素含量分别降低了16.7％，5.8％和分别为6.3％。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）分析结果表明，CO 2 和盐水饱和后，页岩表面发生了明显的表面变化。此外，不同流体饱和度的页岩单轴抗压强度（UCS）和弹性模量（ E ）均降低。与亚临界CO 2 2 导致UCS和 E 的降低更大>由于其较高的吸附能力和较大的CO 2 吸附引起的溶胀。在CO 2 -盐水饱和样品中，页岩的UCS和 E 减少最大，CO < small> 2 相在盐水条件下对页岩力学行为的影响不可忽略。 AE分析也解释了流体饱和后页岩裂缝扩展模式的变化。

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