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Towards understanding the initial performance improvement of PbS quantum dot solar cells upon short-term air exposure

机译：了解短期暴露于空气中PbS量子点太阳能电池的初始性能

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An initial improvement in performance of PbS quantum dot solar cells composed of one thick layer of PbS quantum dots (QDs) treated with tetrabutylammonium iodide (PbS–TBAI) and one thin layer of PbS QDs capped with 1,2-ethanedithiol (PbS–EDT) over short-term air exposure is widely observed. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In the work, we sought to understand the mechanisms as well as their physicochemical origins using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and various electronic measurements. It is found that the PbS–TBAI film plays a dominant role in the initial device performance improvement compared with the PbS–EDT film. The PbS–TBAI film is compensation doped upon short-term air exposure (one to three days) owing to the increase of Pb–O and/or Pb–OH species, enabling its energy band to align better with the electron transport layer for more efficient charge extraction. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the short-term air exposure is capable of reducing defects in the devices and improving the diode quality, resulting in an initial increase in device performance. This work contributes to the fundamental understanding of the surface chemistry changes of PbS quantum dots treated by different ligands over air-exposure and the role of surface chemistry of quantum dots in optimizing their photovoltaic performance.
机译：初步改善了PbS量子点太阳能电池的性能，该电池由一层厚的碘化四丁基铵（PbS–TBAI）处理的PbS量子点（QD）层和一层被1,2-乙二硫醇（PbS–EDT）覆盖的PbS QD薄层组成）在短期空气暴露中被广泛观察到。但是，基本机制仍然难以捉摸。在工作中，我们试图结合X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和各种电子测量方法来了解其机理及其理化起源。已经发现，与PbS–EDT膜相比，PbS–TBAI膜在初始设备性能的提高中起着主导作用。由于Pb–O和/或Pb–OH种类的增加，PbS–TBAI膜在短期暴露于空气中（一到三天）得到补偿掺杂，从而使其能带与电子传输层更好地对齐高效的电荷提取。此外，证明了短期空气暴露能够减少器件中的缺陷并改善二极管质量，从而导致器件性能的初始提高。这项工作有助于从根本上了解不同配体在空气暴露下处理的PbS量子点的表面化学变化，以及量子点的表面化学在优化其光伏性能中的作用。

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