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Heterostructured ferromagnet–topological insulator with dual-phase magnetic properties

机译：具有双相磁性的异质结构铁磁拓扑绝缘体

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The introduction of ferromagnetism at the surface of a topological insulator (TI) produces fascinating spin-charge phenomena. It has been assumed that these fascinating effects are associated with a homogeneous ferromagnetic (FM) layer possessing a single type of magnetic phase. However, we obtained phase separation within the FM layer of a Ni _(80) Fe _(20) /Bi _(2) Se _(3) heterostructure. This phase separation was caused by the diffusion of Ni into Bi _(2) Se _(3) , forming a ternary magnetic phase of Ni:Bi _(2) Se _(3) . The inward diffusion of Ni led to the formation of an FeSe phase outward, transforming the original Ni _(80) Fe _(20) /Bi _(2) Se _(3) into a sandwich structure comprising FeSe/Ni:Bi _(2) Se _(3) /Bi _(2) Se _(3) with dual-phase magnetic characteristics similar to that driven by the proximity effect. Such a phenomenon might have been overlooked in previous studies with a strong focus on the proximity effect. X-ray magnetic spectroscopy revealed that FeSe and Ni:Bi _(2) Se _(3) possess horizontal and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, respectively. The overall magnetic order of the heterostructure can be easily tuned by adjusting the thickness of the Bi _(2) Se _(3) as it compromises the magnetic orders of the two magnetic phases. This discovery is essential to the quantification of spin-charge phenomena in similar material combinations where the FM layer is composed of multiple elements.
机译：在拓扑绝缘体（TI）的表面引入铁磁会产生引人入胜的自旋电荷现象。已经假定这些引人入胜的效果与具有单一类型磁相的均匀铁磁（FM）层有关。但是，我们在Ni _（80）Fe _（20）/ Bi _（2）Se _（3）异质结构的FM层内获得了相分离。这种相分离是由于Ni扩散到Bi _（2）Se _（3）中，形成了Ni：Bi _（2）Se _（3）三元磁性相。 Ni的向内扩散导致向外形成FeSe相，从而将原始的Ni _（80）Fe _（20）/ Bi _（2）Se _（3）转变成包含FeSe / Ni：Bi _的夹心结构（2）Se _（3）/ Bi _（2）Se _（3）具有类似于由邻近效应驱动的双相磁特性。这种现象在以前的研究中可能会被忽略，而其重点放在邻近效应上。 X射线磁谱分析表明FeSe和Ni：Bi _（2）Se _（3）分别具有水平和垂直磁各向异性。通过调整Bi _（2）Se _（3）的厚度，可以很容易地调整异质结构的整体磁阶，因为它会损害两个磁相的磁阶。对于FM层由多种元素组成的相似材料组合，该发现对于量化自旋电荷现象至关重要。

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