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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Clinical Microbiology >Local and systemic antibody response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection and reinfection in calves with and without maternal antibodies.
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Local and systemic antibody response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection and reinfection in calves with and without maternal antibodies.

机译：有和没有母体抗体的牛犊对牛呼吸道合胞病毒感染和再感染的局部和全身抗体反应。

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, IgG1, and IgG2 antibodies against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were used to measure antibody responses of calves after experimental or natural infection with BRSV. Serially collected sera, lung lavage samples, nasal and eye secretions, and feces were tested for the presence of these antibodies. Lung lavage fluids and nasal secretions were further examined for the presence of virus. After experimental infection of 3- to 4-week-old, colostrum-deprived (seronegative) calves, the virus was detected from days 3 to 8 post-initial inoculation day (PID). An immune response was first detected 8 to 10 days PID, when BRSV-specific IgM and IgA appeared nearly simultaneously in serum, secretions, and feces. BRSV-specific IgG1 appeared only in serum on days 13 to 17 PID, and IgG2 was first detected in sera from 1 to 3 months PID. Specific IgM and IgA were detectable in the different samples for various periods. In the respiratory and eye secretions, IgA usually remained detectable for long periods, that is, for up to 3.5 months or longer. In lung lavage samples, BRSV-specific IgG1 was only incidentally demonstrated and appeared to be blood derived. The immune response of a 5-month-old calf strongly resembled that of the 3- to 4-week-old calves (feces excepted), indicating that an age effect on the immune response to BRSV is unlikely. After experimental infection of colostrum-fed, seropositive calves, both local and systemic antibody responses were largely or totally suppressed. The degree of suppression seemed to be related to the level of preinoculation virus-specific serum IgG1. Of all isotypes, IgM was least affected. Colostrum-fed animals shed virus in about equal amounts and for the same length of time as colostrum-deprived calves. Clinical signs were mild in both groups. After reinfection, no virus shedding was detected in either colostrum-deprived or colostrum-fed calves. In both groups, a secondary immune response developed, characterized by strong and rapid (from about day 6 PID) mucosal and systemic IgA responses, but reaching higher titers in colostrum-deprived calves. Also, strong mucosal, but not serum, IgM responses were observed, which, however, did not develop faster than those observed after primary infection. Naturally infected calves, showing severe signs of respiratory disease, had various levels of, most likely, maternally derived antibodies on the first day of illness. Mucosal and systemic antibody responses of various heights and durations were observed, but in general these responses were stronger than those observed after experimental infection. The results point to an important role for local IgA, rather for serum IgG1, in the protection against BRSV infection. The capacity to mount a local memory IgA response seems especially important. Priming for such a mucosal memory response is possible even when the primary immune response is severely suppressed because of the presence of material antibodies.
机译：用于检测牛呼吸道合胞病毒（BRSV）的免疫球蛋白M（IgM），IgA，IgG1和IgG2抗体的酶联免疫吸附法用于检测小牛经BRSV实验性感染或自然感染后的抗体反应。测试了连续收集的血清，肺灌洗液样本，鼻和眼分泌物以及粪便中是否存在这些抗体。进一步检查肺灌洗液和鼻分泌物是否存在病毒。在对3-4周龄的初乳剥夺（血清阴性）的小牛进行实验性感染后，在初次接种后的第3天到第8天（PID）检测到该病毒。当BRSV特异性IgM和IgA几乎同时出现在血清，分泌物和粪便中时，首先检测到PID免疫反应8至10天。 BRSV特异性IgG1仅在PID第13至17天出现在血清中，而IgG2首先在PID于1至3个月的血清中检测到。在不同时期的不同样品中可检测到特定的IgM和IgA。在呼吸道和眼部分泌物中，IgA通常可以长期检测，即长达3.5个月或更长时间。在肺灌洗样本中，仅偶然地证明了BRSV特异性IgG1，并且似乎是血液来源的。 5个月大的小牛的免疫反应与3到4周大的小牛的免疫反应非常相似（粪便除外），这表明年龄对BRSV免疫反应的影响不大。实验性感染初乳喂养的血清阳性小牛后，局部或全身抗体反应均被很大程度上或完全抑制。抑制程度似乎与接种前病毒特异性血清IgG1的水平有关。在所有同种型中，IgM影响最小。初乳喂养的动物与初乳剥夺的牛犊排出病毒的时间大致相同，时间相同。两组的临床症状均较轻。重新感染后，在初乳剥夺或初乳喂养的犊牛中均未检测到病毒脱落。在两组中，都发生了继发性免疫反应，其特征是粘膜和全身IgA反应强烈且快速（大约从PID的第6天开始），但初乳剥夺的牛的滴度更高。另外，观察到强的粘膜IgM反应，但没有血清IgM反应，但是，其发展没有比初次感染后快。自然感染的小牛，显示出严重的呼吸道疾病征兆，在生病的第一天，其母体来源的抗体水平很可能不同。观察到了各种高度和持续时间的粘膜和全身抗体反应，但总的来说，这些反应比实验感染后观察到的反应更强。结果表明，局部IgA而不是血清IgG1在抵抗BRSV感染中起着重要作用。装载本地内存IgA响应的能力似乎特别重要。即使由于物质抗体的存在而严重抑制了初次免疫反应时，也可能引发此类粘膜记忆反应。

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