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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research >Study of Effect of Age and Gender Related Differences on Common Paper and Pencil Neurocognitive Tests in Adolescents
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Study of Effect of Age and Gender Related Differences on Common Paper and Pencil Neurocognitive Tests in Adolescents

机译：年龄和性别相关差异对青少年普通纸和铅笔神经认知测验影响的研究

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In this article typo errors were noticed. A correction has been done in the Title and [Table/Fig-1a,b],[Table/Fig-8],[Table/Fig-9a,b] and [Table/Fig-10a,Table/Fig-10b].Current PDF is updated pdfLast Updated Date: 1 April 2015Background: Neurocognitive tests are routinely used to assess cognitive domains in the adolescents for assessing cognitive deficits and for therapeutic interventions. Now they are being used to assess their mental abilities in athletics too.Aim: To study the effect of age and gender differences on routinely used common paper and pencil neuro-cognitive tests in adolescents and present the trends of normative data of Indian adolescent population.Settings and Design: Present study was conducted as a joint collaboration between Department of Physiology and Jawahar Navodaya school, Puducherry, India.Materials and Methods: Four hundred and thirty nine adolescents in the age group of 12 to 17 y (M = 250, F= 189) were selected in the present study after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were administered commonly used paper and pencil neuropsychological tests in the following order: Two Target Letter Cancellation test, Trail Making test A and B, Ruff Figural Fluency test (RFFT).Statistical Analysis: We divided the students based on their age into six groups - from age 12?17. Neurocognitive parameters were compared between these age groups using one-way-ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test. Only the p-values for one, two and three year difference were considered. The same analysis was repeated for each gender separately. We compared males and females from the entire sample using unpaired t test. We then repeated the same test to compare males and females in each age group separately. Pearsons correlation was done to find correlation between the neurocognitive test parameters using the entire sample size. Then the correlation was done again after adjusting for age. All the statistical analysis was done using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 19.Results: Year wise normative data has been presented for all the age groups from 12 y onwards to 17 y. The results showed a consistent improvement in performance on the tested neuro-psychological tests with increasing age in adolescents. Overall gender comparison showed significantly better RFFT performance in males than females, with a non-significant difference in other tested parameters. However, no such difference was observed when the comparison was made within each age group.Conclusion: Improvement in the tests as a function of age may represent ongoing neuro-maturational process. Overall gender comparison from 12 to 17 y demonstrates that males performed better on nonverbal fluency task and strategic analysis suggesting difference in cognitive growth patterns but changes are so slow and gradual that no significant difference was observed at each intra-age group gender comparison. Baseline testing should be at least repeated once in two years.
机译：在本文中，输入错误被注意到。已对标题和[Table / Fig-1a，b]，[Table / Fig-8]，[Table / Fig-9a，b]和[Table / Fig-10a，Table / Fig-10b]进行了更正。当前的PDF已更新pdf最后更新日期：2015年4月1日背景：神经认知测试通常用于评估青少年的认知领域，以评估认知缺陷和治疗干预措施。目的：研究年龄和性别差异对青少年常规使用的纸笔和铅笔神经认知测试的影响，并提出印度青少年人口规范数据的趋势。设置与设计：本研究是由生理学系和印度普杜切里的贾瓦哈尔·纳沃达亚学校（Jawahar Navodaya school）共同合作进行的。材料与方法：243名年龄在12至17岁（M = 250，F = 189）是在符合纳入和排除标准后在本研究中选择的。受试者按以下顺序进行常用的纸笔和铅笔神经心理学测试：两个目标字母取消测试，A和B追踪制作测试，Ruff形象流利度测试（RFFT）。统计分析：我们根据学生的年龄将他们分为六组-从12岁开始？17。使用Bonferroni事后检验的单向ANOVA对这些年龄组之间的神经认知参数进行了比较。仅考虑了一年，两年和三年差异的p值。分别对每种性别重复相同的分析。我们使用未配对的t检验比较了整个样本中的男性和女性。然后，我们重复相同的测试，以分别比较每个年龄段的男性和女性。进行了Pearsons相关性，以使用整个样本量找到神经认知测试参数之间的相关性。然后在调整了年龄之后再次进行了相关。所有统计分析均使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）19版进行。结果：已经提供了从12岁到17岁的所有年龄段的年度规范数据。结果表明，随着青少年年龄的增长，神经心理测试的表现持续改善。总体性别比较显示，男性的RFFT性能明显好于女性，其他测试参数之间无显着差异。然而，在每个年龄组中进行比较时，没有观察到这种差异。结论：随着年龄的增长，测试的改善可能代表着神经的成熟过程。从12岁到17岁的总体性别比较表明，男性在非语言流利性任务和策略分析上的表现更好，这表明认知增长方式有所不同，但变化如此缓慢且缓慢，以至于每个年龄段性别比较中都没有观察到显着差异。基线测试至少应每两年重复一次。

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