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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research >Comparative Analysis of Serum Levels of Total Carbohydrates and Protein Linked Carbohydrates in Normal and Diabetic Individuals
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Comparative Analysis of Serum Levels of Total Carbohydrates and Protein Linked Carbohydrates in Normal and Diabetic Individuals

机译：正常人和糖尿病人血清总碳水化合物和蛋白质连接的碳水化合物水平的比较分析

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Non-enzymatic glycation and enzymatic glycosylation of proteins have been proposed as a major factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications by altering structure-function of proteins. Though focus of previous research is primarily focussed on glycated adducts as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and glycated albumin. The effect of enzymatic glycosylation has been overlooked in monitoring of diabetes.Aim: The present study examines the relationship between glycemic status and serum levels of protein linked total carbohydrate using inexpensive and rapid methods.Materials and Methods: The present case-control study was conducted on 145 subjects that were divided into three groups i.e., normoglycemic controls (n=54), mild-moderate hyperglycemia (MHG) (n=44) and severe hyperglycemia (SHG) (n=47). Serum was subjected to precipitation and then precipitate was re-dissolved in urea/thiourea buffer. Protein content of re-dissolved precipitate was measured using Bradford assay. Serum total carbohydrate and carbohydrate content in resuspended pellet (mg carbohydrate per gram of protein designated as Carbohydate Protein Ratio or CPR) was measured using phenol-sulfuric acid method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS statistics (V21.0) and Microsoft excel software, viz. Student-t-test for comparison of significant mean, binary logistic regression was used to measure Odds Ratio (OR). In all tests of significance, two sided p value have been reported and results were considered significant if p<0.05.Results: Serum total carbohydrate and CPR were significantly increased in MHG (p<0.001 and p=0.02, respectively) and SHG (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) compared to controls. CPR levels increased with increase in glycemia i.e., lowest in controls, higher in MGH and highest in SHG. We also observed a statistically significant upward trend from 1~(st) quartile through 4~(th) quartile for CPR in SHG (p<0.001). Likewise OR for 4~(th) quartile compared with inter-quartile range (IQR) as reference was statistically significant for SHG {OR (95%CI)=5.27 (2.09-13.25); p<0.001}.Conclusion: Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations and self monitoring of blood glucose are widely used for monitoring of long term and short term glycemic control respectively, although overall glycation and glycosylation status of circulating or tissue proteins could also be affected by glycemic status of an individual. Therefore, it is desirable that an assay or biomarker would provide assessment of overall glycation/glycosylation process in between immediate and long term control. In this preliminary case-control study we found protein linked carbohydrates (PLC) levels and carbohydrate protein ratio (CPR) to be significantly elevated in SHG compared to controls (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). The alterations in PLC levels and CPR may be attributed to difference in glycemic status between these two groups. The method used in current study is inexpensive, rapid and technically less demanding thus suitable for regions having limited resources.
机译：已经提出蛋白质的非酶糖基化和酶糖基化是通过改变蛋白质的结构功能在糖尿病并发症的发病机理中的主要因素。尽管以前的研究重点主要集中在糖化加合物上，如糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c），高级糖化终产物（AGEs）和糖化白蛋白。酶糖基化的作用在监测糖尿病中被忽略。目的：本研究使用廉价，快速的方法研究了血糖状态与蛋白质连接的总碳水化合物的血清水平之间的关系。材料与方法：目前对145名受试者进行了病例对照研究，将其分为三组，即血糖正常对照组（n = 54），轻度-中度高血糖（MHG）（n = 44）和重度高血糖（SHG）（n = 47）。使血清沉淀，然后将沉淀物重新溶解在尿素/硫脲缓冲液中。使用Bradford分析法测量重新溶解的沉淀物的蛋白质含量。使用苯酚-硫酸法测量重悬沉淀物中的血清总碳水化合物和碳水化合物含量（mg碳水化合物/克蛋白质，称为碳酰蛋白质比例或CPR）。使用SPSS Statistics（V21.0）和Microsoft Excel软件viz完成统计分析。使用学生t检验比较显着的均值，采用二元logistic回归来衡量赔率（OR）。在所有显着性检验中，均报告了两个侧面的p值，如果p <0.05，则认为结果显着。结果：MHG的血清总碳水化合物和CPR显着增加（分别为p <0.001和p = 0.02）和与对照组相比，SHG（分别为p <0.001和p <0.001）。 CPR水平随血糖升高而增加，即在对照组中最低，在MGH中更高，在SHG中最高。我们还观察到SHG中CPR从第1个四分位数到第4个四分位数具有统计学显着的上升趋势（p <0.001）。同样，第4个四分位数的OR与四分位数之间的范围（IQR）相比，SHG的差异具有统计学意义（OR（95％CI）= 5.27（2.09-13.25）; p <0.001}。结论：糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）浓度和血糖自我监测被广泛用于监测长期和短期血糖控制，尽管循环蛋白或组织蛋白的总体糖化和糖基化状态也可以受个人血糖状况的影响。因此，期望一种测定法或生物标记物将提供在立即和长期控制之间的总体糖基化/糖基化过程的评估。在这项初步的病例对照研究中，我们发现与对照组相比，SHG中的蛋白质相关碳水化合物（PLC）水平和碳水化合物蛋白质比率（CPR）显着升高（分别为p <0.001和p <0.01）。 PLC水平和CPR的变化可能归因于这两组之间血糖状态的差异。当前研究中使用的方法便宜，快速且技术上要求较低，因此适用于资源有限的地区。

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