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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of bacteriology >Genetic and molecular characterization of the polar flagellum of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
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Genetic and molecular characterization of the polar flagellum of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

机译：副溶血弧菌极性鞭毛的遗传和分子表征。

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses two alternate flagellar systems adapted for movement under different circumstances. A single polar flagellum propels the bacterium in liquid (swimming), while multiple lateral flagella move the bacterium over surfaces (swarming). Energy to rotate the polar flagellum is derived from the sodium membrane potential, whereas lateral flagella are powered by the proton motive force. Lateral flagella are arranged peritrichously, and the unsheathed filaments are polymerized from a single flagellin. The polar flagellum is synthesized constitutively, but lateral flagella are produced only under conditions in which the polar flagellum is not functional, e.g., on surfaces. This work initiates characterization of the sheathed, polar flagellum. Four genes encoding flagellins were cloned and found to map in two loci. These genes, as well as three genes encoding proteins resembling HAPs (hook-associated proteins), were sequenced. A potential consensus polar flagellar promoter was identified by using upstream sequences from seven polar genes. It resembled the enterobacterial sigma 28 consensus promoter. Three of the four flagellin genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and expression was dependent on the product of the fliA gene encoding sigma 28. The fourth flagellin gene may be different regulated. It was not expressed in E. coli, and inspection of upstream sequence revealed a potential sigma 54 consensus promoter. Mutants with single and multiple defects in flagellin genes were constructed in order to determine assembly rules for filament polymerization. HAP mutants displayed new phenotypes, which were different from those of Salmonella typhimurium and most probably were the result of the filament being sheathed.
机译：副溶血性弧菌拥有两个备用鞭毛系统，适合在不同情况下移动。单个极鞭毛在液体中推动细菌（游动），而多个侧鞭毛在表面上移动细菌（成群）。旋转极鞭毛的能量来自钠膜电位，而侧鞭毛则由质子原动力驱动。鞭毛侧生排列，未鞘丝由单鞭毛聚合而成。极性鞭毛是组成性合成的，但是侧鞭毛仅在极性鞭毛不起作用的条件下（例如在表面上）产生。这项工作启动了鞘的极鞭毛的表征。克隆了编码鞭毛蛋白的四个基因，并发现它们在两个基因座中作图。对这些基因以及三个编码类似于HAP的蛋白质（与钩相关的蛋白质）的基因进行了测序。通过使用来自七个极性基因的上游序列鉴定了潜在的共有极性鞭毛启动子。它类似于肠杆菌σ28共有启动子。四个鞭毛蛋白基因中的三个在大肠杆菌中表达，表达取决于编码sigma 28的fliA基因的产物。第四个鞭毛蛋白基因可能受到不同的调控。它未在大肠杆菌中表达，并且上游序列的检查揭示了潜在的sigma 54共有启动子。为了确定细丝聚合的组装规则，构建了鞭毛蛋白基因中具有单个和多个缺陷的突变体。 HAP突变体表现出新的表型，与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌不同，并且很可能是由于长丝被包裹的结果。

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