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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of vision >Visual categorization and identification of unattended objects: are faces unique?
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Visual categorization and identification of unattended objects: are faces unique?

机译：视觉分类和无人看管物体的识别：面孔是否唯一？

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The extent to which visual stimuli are recognized in the absence of attention is under dispute. While several researchers have argued that real-world objects can be detected and categorized when presented at an unattended location, other have provided evidence against such 'attention-free' findings. Most studies have used dual task paradigms, in which participants perform a highly demanding task, while simultaneously detecting a pre-specified object category appearing at a peripheral location (e.g., an animal or vehicle). We sought to examine pre-attentive object processing using a different approach, in which objects are strictly irrelevant to task-requirements and to response-selection processes. In a series of studies we demonstrated that, despite its irrelevance to task demands, participants are sensitive to object categorical identity when stimuli are presented inside, but not outside the focus of visual attention. Our results suggested that when unattended objects are strictly task-irrelevant they are not automatically categorized and identified. In the present research we asked whether faces form a unique class of stimuli that can be categorized pre-attentively. Using an experimental paradigm identical to our previous research, we have obtained a 'categorical effect' for task-irrelevant faces appearing outside the main focus of visual attention, indicating that the latter are categorized involuntarily. A possible account, however, for this finding is the low interstimulus perceptual variance among facial stimuli, relative to superordinate categories such as animals and vehicles. Indeed, when examining houses, chairs, and cars, a similar categorical effect was obtained for the unattended stimuli. These findings indicate that narrow, highly distinct, categories may be benefit from automatic pre-attentive processing. Faces, then, may not be special relative to other basic-level categories. Finally, an additional set of experiments suggests that famous faces may be detected and recognized at the subordinate level even when unattended, presumably due to our extensive experience with such stimuli.
机译：在没有注意的情况下识别视觉刺激的程度存在争议。尽管有几位研究人员认为，在无人看管的位置展示真实物体可以对其进行检测和分类，但其他研究人员却提供了反对这种“无注意力”发现的证据。大多数研究使用双重任务范例，其中参与者执行要求很高的任务，同时检测出现在外围位置（例如动物或车辆）的预先指定的对象类别。我们试图使用另一种方法来检查注意力集中的对象处理，其中对象与任务要求和响应选择过程完全无关。在一系列研究中，我们证明了，尽管刺激与任务要求无关，但是当刺激出现在视觉注意的焦点内部而不是外部时，参与者对对象的类别身份很敏感。我们的结果表明，当无人看管的对象与任务完全无关时，它们不会自动分类和识别。在本研究中，我们询问面孔是否构成可以预先集中分类的独特类别的刺激。使用与我们先前的研究相同的实验范式，我们获得了针对与任务无关的面部出现在视觉注意的主要焦点之外的“分类效果”，表明后者被非自愿地分类了。但是，对此发现的一个可能的解释是，相对于上级类别（例如动物和车辆），面部刺激之间的刺激性知觉方差低。确实，当检查房屋，椅子和汽车时，对于无人值守的刺激也获得了类似的分类效果。这些发现表明，狭窄的，高度不同的类别可能会受益于自动的预先注意处理。因此，相对于其他基本级别类别，面孔可能并不特殊。最后，另外一组实验表明，即使在无人看管的情况下，也可以在下属级别检测到并识别出著名的面孔，这大概是由于我们对此类刺激的丰富经验。

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