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Exploring the relationship between anxiety and processing capacity for threat detection

机译：探索威胁与威胁检测能力的关系

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Cognitive models suggest that anxiety is associated with the presence of a highly sensitised threat detection mechanism which, once activated, leads to the automatic allocation and focusing of attention on the source of threat (review by Bar-Haim, Lamy, Pergamin, Bakermans-Kranenburg & Ijzendoorn, 2007). Previous studies have only ever considered the detection of singleton threat targets in anxiety. The threat detection system should also be configured to rapidly detect signs of impending danger in situations where there is a possibility of multiple threats. Given multiple threats, it is unclear whether a more advantageous strategy for threat detection in anxious individuals is to localise and focus attention on one threat stimulus or to distribute attention widely (see Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos & Calvo, 2007). To address this theoretical question, we conducted a reaction time redundant signals study in which participants were asked to indicate the presence or absence of an angry or happy target face in displays containing no targets, one target or two targets. In all conditions, the task was to detect the presence of at least one target. We used measures of processing capacity (e.g., capacity coefficient, Miller and Grice inequalities; see Wenger & Townsend, 2000) to assess whether, at all time points, the fastest RTs in the redundant target condition (e.g., two target condition) could be predicted from the fastest RTs in the single target conditions. Eye-movements were also measured during the study. Significant correlations showed that anxiety was associated with increased processing capacity for threatening faces but only at early time points in target detection. The results also demonstrated that significantly fewer eye-movements were made to targets when anxiety was high. The data are consistent with anxiety influencing threat detection via a broadly tuned attentional mechanism.
机译：认知模型表明，焦虑与具有高度敏感的威胁检测机制的存在相关，这是一旦被激活，就会导致自动分配和关注威胁来源的关注（通过Bar-Haim，Lamy，Pergamin，Bakermans-Kranenburg审查＆ijzendoorn，2007）。以前的研究只考虑了焦虑症的单身威胁目标的检测。威胁检测系统还应配置为在可能有多种威胁的情况下快速检测到即将发生的危险迹象。鉴于多种威胁，目前尚不清楚焦虑个人威胁检测的更有利的策略是对一个威胁刺激或广泛分配关注的人：看广泛（参见Eysenck，Derakshan，Santos＆Calvo，2007）。为了解决这一理论问题，我们进行了反应时间冗余信号研究，其中要求参与者在没有目标，一个目标或两个目标的情况下表明愤怒或幸福的目标面部的存在或不存在。在所有条件下，任务是检测至少一个目标的存在。我们使用了处理能力的措施（例如，容量系数，米勒和磨石不等式;参见Wenger＆Townsend，2000）来评估冗余目标条件（例如，两个目标条件）中最快的RTS是否可以是从单个目标条件中最快的RTS预测。在研究期间还测量了眼部运动。显着的相关性表明，焦虑与威胁面的加工能力增加有关，但仅在目标检测中的早期时间点。结果还证明，当焦虑率高时，对靶向靶向显着较少。数据与影响威胁通过宽泛调整的注意力机制的焦虑一致。

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