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Comparison of oxidation in uni-directionally and randomly oriented Cu films for low temperature Cu-to-Cu direct bonding

机译:低温Cu-〜Cu直接粘接单向和随机取向Cu膜中氧化的比较

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Cu-to-Cu direct bonding has attracted attention because it has been implemented in CMOS image sensors. Prior to the bonding, the oxides on the Cu surface needs to be removed, yet the surface may oxidize right after cleaning. Thus, oxidation is an inherent issue in the application of Cu direct bonding. Our previous study reported that Cu direct bonding can be achieved below 250?°C by using (111)-oriented nanotwinned Cu because it has the fastest surface diffusivity. However, the oxidation behavior of the nanotwinned Cu is unclear. Here, we examined the oxidation behavior of highly (111) and (200) oriented, and randomly-oriented Cu films at temperatures ranging from 120 to 250?°C. Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure the oxide thickness. The results show that the oxidation rate of (111)-oriented nanotwinned Cu has the lowest oxidation rate among them. Together, it is unique to possess the combination of the fastest surface diffusivity and the lowest oxidation rate.
机译:Cu-to-Cu直接粘合引起了注意力,因为它已在CMOS图像传感器中实现。在粘合之前,需要除去Cu表面上的氧化物,但在清洁后,表面可以氧化。因此,氧化是在Cu直接键合中施加的固有问题。我们以前的研究报道说,Cu直接键合通过使用(111)的纳米电纳米型Cu可以实现250℃以下,因为它具有最快的表面扩散性。然而,纳米型Cu的氧化行为尚不清楚。在这里,我们检查了高度(111)和(200)的氧化行为,在温度范围为120-250Ω℃的温度下进行随机取向的Cu膜。透射电子显微镜用于测量氧化物厚度。结果表明(111) - 纳米型Cu的氧化率在它们中具有最低的氧化率。在一起,具有最快的表面扩散率和最低氧化速率的组合是独一无二的。

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