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Questionnaires on stigmatizing attitudes among healthcare students in Taiwan: development and validation

机译：台湾医疗保健学生侮辱态度问卷：发展与验证

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People may be stigmatized if they have mental illness, emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), or physical or intellectual disabilities. Being stigmatized adversely affects one’s psychological well-being and quality of life. While occupational therapists frequently work with people with EBD and disabilities, all healthcare practitioners may encounter these populations, and stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare professionals towards such clients can negatively affect the therapeutic relationship, evaluation, and treatment. Therefore, understanding attitudes of healthcare students—as future practitioners in all fields of healthcare—towards people in this regard is fundamental to the future implementation of anti-stigma programs. We aimed to develop and test questionnaires for examining stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare students towards people with mental illness or disabilities and children with EBD. A literature review was conducted to identify surveys related to attitudes towards people with mental illness, EBD, and disabilities. Items that were pertinent to the concept of stigma were selected and modified to fit into the Taiwanese context. A total of 336 students from departments of occupational therapy, physical therapy, nursing, and medicine in 7 universities across Taiwan completed the questionnaires. Item analysis and factor analysis were used to examine the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. Gender differences were also considered. Factor analyses of the three questionnaires yielded factor structures that explained 61.34 to 67.15% of the variance, with Cronbach’s α values ranging from 0.71 to 0.89. The Questionnaire on Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Mental Illness consisted of 16 items with 4 subscales: deviant behavior, social isolation, negative stereotype, and self-stigma. The Questionnaire on Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Children with EBD consisted of 14 items with 3 subscales: rejective attitude, negative stereotype, and deviant behavior. The Questionnaire on Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Disabilities consisted of 10 items with 3 subscales: positive stereotype, negative stereotype, and pessimistic expectation. In addition, men had slightly higher stigmatizing attitudes than women. The results showed satisfactory factor structures and internal consistency, and thus support the use of these questionnaires to understand attitudes of healthcare students towards these populations. In addition, particular attention should be paid to gender differences in stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare students.
机译：如果他们有精神疾病，情绪和行为障碍（EBD）或物理或智力障碍，人们可能会被侮辱。耻辱地产生不利影响一个人的心理健康和生活质量。虽然职业治疗师经常与eBD和残疾人合作，但所有医疗保健从业者都可能遇到这些人口，并且挽救了医疗保健专业人员对这些客户的态度可以对治疗关系，评估和治疗产生负面影响。因此，理解医疗保健学生的态度 - 作为在这方面的所有医疗保健人员的未来从业者，这是对未来抗耻辱计划的基础。我们旨在制定和测试调查问卷，以检查医疗保健学生对患有精神疾病或残疾人和eBD的儿童的态度。进行了文献综述，以确定与患有精神疾病，EBD和残疾人的态度有关的调查。选择与耻辱概念相关的项目并修改以适应台湾语境。在台湾7所大学的职业治疗，物理治疗，护理和医学中共有336名学生完成问卷。项目分析和因子分析用于检查问卷的可靠性和有效性。还考虑了性别差异。对于三个问卷的因素分析产生的因子结构，该结构解释了61.34％至67.15％的差异，Cronbach的α值范围为0.71至0.89。关于精神疾病的态度侮辱调查问卷由16个项目组成，具有4个分量：偏差行为，社会隔离，负刻板印象和自我耻辱。关于侮辱eBD儿童态度的调查问卷由14项具有3个分量：抑制态度，负面刻板印象和偏差行为。关于侮辱残疾态度的调查问卷由10个包含3个分量的项目：积极的刻板印象，负面刻板印象和悲观期望。此外，男性的侮辱态度略高于女性。结果表明，令人满意的因素结构和内部一致性，因此支持使用这些问卷来了解医疗保健学生对这些人群的态度。此外，应特别注意侮辱医疗保健学生态度的性别差异。

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