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首页> 外文期刊>Biochemistry research international >Application of Ficus carica L. and Solanum incanum L. Extracts in Coagulation of Milk: The Case of Traditional Practice in Ab’ala Area, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia
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Application of Ficus carica L. and Solanum incanum L. Extracts in Coagulation of Milk: The Case of Traditional Practice in Ab’ala Area, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia

机译：Ficus Carica L.和Solanum incanum L.乳汁凝固萃取物的应用：Ab'ala地区传统实践的案例，埃塞俄比亚

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People living in and around Ab’ala area of the Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, have a traditional practice of applying Ficus carica leaf and Solanum incanum fruit extracts to milk in order to coagulate it as soon as possible. Thus, to investigate the role of the extracts in the coagulation of milk and their health threats, the milk-clotting activity, phytochemical screening tests, antimicrobial activities by the agar well diffusion method, and heavy metal content by ICP-OES technique were determined. Accordingly, both Ficus carica and Solanum incanum were found to possess phenolics, saponins, and tannins. Likewise, positive tests for flavonoid in Ficus carica and alkaloid in Solanum incanum were observed. However, no terpenoids, glycosides, and oxalates were detected in the plants. Moreover, the crude and concentrated enzyme extracts of the plants exhibited clotting activity. In this regard, the enzyme extracts of Ficus carica were superior with the highest clotting activity of 1.20?U. On the other hand, ethanol and chloroform extracts of the samples showed inhibition zones against all tested microorganisms except their chloroform extract which did not exhibit inhibition against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger. Likewise, the metals Cr, Cd, Mn, Cu, and Fe were detected in the plant samples, with the Mn content of 3.67±0.10?mg per kg of dry weight of the plant in Ficus carica being the highest. Indeed, the level of the heavy metal contents is considerably lower than those maximum permissible limits set by international standards. On the other hand, no Pb and Zn were detected in the plant samples. Therefore, the higher clotting activity of the enzyme extracts was an indicator that enzymes, rather than other phytochemicals, are the most probable agents responsible for the milk-clotting ability of the plants, resulting in the formation of cheese. Furthermore, the growth inhibition to most of the test microbes is a manifestation that bacterial fermentation is not a means of clotting the milk as bacteria introduced to the milk would be killed by the sample extracts. Moreover, the use of the plants in the coagulation process would not pose health threats as far as oxalate and metal toxicity is concerned.
机译：埃塞俄比亚的远方区域州Ab'ala地区的人民住宿和Ab'ala地区，拥有传统的实践，将榕树和茄属植物果提取物应用于牛奶，以尽快凝固。因此，研究提取物在牛奶的凝血中的作用及其健康威胁，测定牛奶凝血活性，植物化学筛查试验，通过琼脂孔扩散方法和ICP-OES技术的重金属含量和重金属含量。因此，发现Ficus Carica和Solanum incanum均具有酚类，皂苷和单宁。同样地，观察到在梭氏静脉内的Ficus Carica和生物碱中的黄酮类化合物的阳性试验。然而，在植物中没有检测到萜类化合物，糖苷和草酸盐。此外，植物的粗糙和浓缩酶提取物表现出凝血活性。在这方面，Ficus Carica的酶提取物优于1.20μl的最高凝血活性。另一方面，除了氯仿提取物外，样品的乙醇和氯仿提取物向所有测试的微生物进行抑制区，除了它们没有表现出对大肠杆菌和曲霉的抑制作用。同样地，在植物样品中检测到金属Cr，Cd，Mn，Cu和Fe，Mn含量为3.67±0.10≤mg，每千克的植物在榕属Carica中是最高的。实际上，重金属含量的水平远远低于国际标准所设定的最大允许限制。另一方面，在植物样品中没有检测到Pb和Zn。因此，酶提取物的较高凝血活性是酶，而不是其他植物化学物质的指标是负责植物牛奶凝固能力的最可能的药剂，从而形成奶酪的形成。此外，对大多数测试微生物的生长抑制是一种表现，即细菌发酵不是凝固牛奶作为引入乳的细菌的手段，将被样品提取物杀死。此外，就草酸盐和金属毒性而言，植物在凝血过程中的使用不会造成健康威胁。

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