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FGF-induced LHX9 regulates the progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma via FRS2/TGF-β/β-catenin pathway

机译:FGF诱导的LHX9通过FRS2 / TGF-β/β-catenin途径调节骨肉瘤的进展和转移

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Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and tumor growth factor-β (TGFβ) have emerged as pivotal regulators during the progression of osteosarcoma (OS). LHX9 is one crucial transcription factor controlled by FGF, however, its function in OS has not been investigated yet. The expression of LHX9, FRS2, BMP4, TGF-beta R1, SMAD2, beta-catenin and metastasis-related proteins was measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were employed to determine the proliferation of OS cells, while scratch wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to evaluate their migration and invasion, respectively. In vivo tumor growth and metastasis were determined by subcutaneous or intravenous injection of OS cells into nude mice. LHX9 expression was evidently up-regulated in OS tumor tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of LHX9 impaired the proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis of OS cells. Mechanistically, LHX9 silencing led to the down-regulation of BMP-4, β-catenin and metastasis-related proteins, which was also observed in beta-catenin knockdown OS cells. By contrast, FRS2 knockdown conduced to the up-regulation of LHX9, BMP4, β-catenin and TGF-βR1, while TGF-beta inhibition repressed the expression of LHX9 and metastasis-related proteins. Additionally, let-7c modulates LHX9 and metastasis-related proteins by suppressing TGF-beta R1 expression on transcriptional level. This study revealed LHX9 was essential for the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of OS cells via FGF and TGF-β/β-catenin signaling pathways.
机译:成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)和肿瘤生长因子-β(TGFβ)在骨肉瘤(OS)进展过程中被出现为枢轴调节剂。 LHX9是由FGF控制的一个关键转录因子,但是它尚未研究其在OS中的功能。通过实时定量PCR(RT-QPCR)和Western印迹测量LHX9,FRS2,BMP4,TGF-Beta R1,Smad2,Beta-catenin和转移相关蛋白的表达。 CCK-8测定和菌落形成测定法测定OS细胞的增殖,而刮伤伤口愈合测定和Transwell测定分别用于评估其迁移和侵袭。在体内肿瘤生长和转移中,通过皮下或静脉内注射OS细胞来确定裸鼠。在OS肿瘤组织和细胞系中显着调节LHX9表达。 LHX9的敲低损害了OS细胞的增殖,迁移,侵袭和转移。机械地,LHX9沉默导致BMP-4,β-连环蛋白和转移相关蛋白的下调,也在β-连环蛋白敲低OS细胞中观察到。相比之下,FRS2敲低导致LHX9,BMP4,β-Catenin和TGF-βR1的上调,而TGF-β抑制抑制LHX9和转移相关蛋白的表达。另外,Let-7C通过抑制转录水平的TGF-βR1表达来调节LHX9和转移相关蛋白。本研究显示LHX9对于通过FGF和TGF-β/β-Catenin信号传导途径的OS细胞的增殖,迁移,侵袭和转移至关重要。

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