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A Performance-Based Airspace Model for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management

机译：基于绩效的空域模型，无人机系统交通管理

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Recent evolutions of the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) concept are driving the introduction of new airspace structures and classifications, which must be suitable for low-altitude airspace and provide the required level of safety and flexibility, particularly in dense urban and suburban areas. Therefore, airspace classifications and structures need to evolve based on appropriate performance metrics, while new models and tools are needed to address UTM operational requirements, with an increasing focus on the coexistence of manned and unmanned Urban Air Mobility (UAM) vehicles and associated Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) infrastructure. This paper presents a novel airspace model for UTM adopting Performance-Based Operation (PBO) criteria, and specifically addressing urban airspace requirements. In particular, a novel airspace discretisation methodology is introduced, which allows dynamic management of airspace resources based on navigation and surveillance performance. Additionally, an airspace sectorisation methodology is developed balancing the trade-off between communication overhead and computational complexity of trajectory planning and re-planning. Two simulation case studies are conducted: over the skyline and below the skyline in Melbourne central business district, utilising Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). The results confirm that the proposed airspace sectorisation methodology promotes operational safety and efficiency and enhances the UTM operators’ situational awareness under dense traffic conditions introducing a new effective 3D airspace visualisation scheme, which is suitable both for mission planning and pre-tactical UTM operations. Additionally, the proposed performance-based methodology can accommodate the diversity of infrastructure and vehicle performance requirements currently envisaged in the UTM context. This facilitates the adoption of this methodology for low-level airspace integration of UAS (which may differ significantly in terms of their avionics CNS capabilities) and set foundations for future work on tactical online UTM operations.
机译：无人驾驶飞机系统（UUS）交通管理（UTM）概念的最新演变推动了新的空域结构和分类，必须适用于低空空间，并提供所需的安全性和灵活性，特别是在密集的城市中和郊区。因此，空域分类和结构需要根据适当的性能指标演变，而需要新的模型和工具来解决UTM运营要求，越来越侧重于载人和无人城市空运（UAM）车辆和相关通信的共存，导航和监视（CNS）基础设施。本文介绍了UTM采用基于性能的操作（PBO）标准的新型空域模型，并专门解决城市空域要求。特别是，介绍了一种新的空域自行化方法，这允许基于导航和监视性能的空域资源动态管理。此外，空域扇形方法是在轨迹规划和重新规划的沟通开销和计算复杂性之间平衡折衷的折衷。进行了两项模拟案例研究：在墨尔本中央商务区的天际线和天际线下方，利用全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）和自动依赖监视广播（ADS-B）。结果证实，拟议的空域疾病方法促进了运营安全性和效率，并提高了富人运营商在茂密的交通状况下提高了一种新的有效3D空域可视化方案，这适用于特派团规划和战术预utm运营。此外，所提出的基于性能的方法可以适应在UTM环境中目前设想的基础设施和车辆性能要求的多样性。这有助于采用UAS的低级空域集成的这种方法（可能在其航空电子数据库能力方面有显着差异），并在战术在线UTM运营中设置未来工作的基础。

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