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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Perinatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Enhances Susceptibility to Viral and Secondary Bacterial Infections
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Perinatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Enhances Susceptibility to Viral and Secondary Bacterial Infections

机译：围产期暴露于环境烟草烟雾（ETS）增强了对病毒和继发性细菌感染的易感性

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Studies suggest childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) leads to increased incidence of infections of the lower respiratory tract. The objective of this study was to determine whether perinatal exposure to ETS increases the incidence, morbidity and severity of respiratory influenza infection and whether a secondary bacterial challenge at the peak of a pre-existing viral infection creates an enhanced host-pathogen susceptibility to an opportunistic infection. Timed-pregnant female Balb/c mice were exposed to either ETS for 6 h/day, 7 d/week beginning on gestation day 14 and continuing with the neonates to 6 weeks of age. Control animals were exposed to filtered air (FA). At the end of exposure, mice were intranasally inoculated with a murine-adapted influenza A. One week later, an intranasal inoculation of S. aureus bacteria was administered. The respective treatment groups were: bacteria only, virus only or virus+bacteria for both FA and ETS-exposed animals for a total of six treatment groups. Animal behavior and body weights were documented daily following infection. Mice were necropsied 1-day post-bacterial infection. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell analysis demonstrated perinatal exposure to ETS, compared to FA, leads to delayed but enhanced clinical symptoms and enhanced total cell influx into the lungs associated with viral infection followed by bacterial challenge. Viral infection significantly increases the number of neutrophils entering the lungs following bacterial challenge with either FA or ETS exposure, while the influx of lymphocytes and monocytes is significantly enhanced only by perinatal ETS exposure. There is a significant increase in peribronchiolar inflammation following viral infection in pups exposed to ETS compared with pups exposed to FA, but no change is noted in the degree of lung injury between FA and ETS-exposed animals following bacterial challenge. The data suggests perinatal exposure to ETS alters the response of neonates to the timing and severity of infection as well as ETS alters the pattern of inflammation and cellular influx into the lungs due to viral and bacterial infection.
机译：研究表明儿童暴露于环境烟草烟雾（ETS）导致下呼吸道感染的发病率增加。本研究的目的是确定围产期暴露于ETS是否会增加呼吸道流感感染的发病率，发病率和严重程度以及预先存在的病毒感染峰的二次细菌攻击是对机会主义的增强的宿主病原体易感性产生了增强的宿主感染。将定时怀孕的雌性BALB / C小鼠暴露于6小时/天的ETS，从妊娠第14天开始，7天/周，并继续发新生儿至6周龄。对照动物暴露于过滤的空气（FA）。在暴露结束时，小鼠用小鼠适应的流感A鼻内接种。一周后，施用鼻内接种S.UUREUS细菌。相应的治疗组是：仅用于FA和ETS的病毒+细菌的病毒+细菌，总共六种治疗组。每天在感染后记录动物行为和体重。小鼠是尸检1天的细菌感染。与FA相比，支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）细胞分析表现出围产期暴露于ETS，导致延迟但增强的临床症状，并增强了与病毒感染相关的肺部的总细胞流入，然后是细菌攻击。病毒感染显着增加了在细菌攻击后进入肺的中性粒细胞的数量，而淋巴细胞和单核细胞的涌入只能通过围产量暴露显着增强。在暴露于FA暴露于ETS的幼崽中的病毒感染后，血浆Chiolar炎症术后显着增加，但与暴露于FA的幼崽，但在细菌攻击后，在FA和ETS暴露的动物之间的肺损伤程度没有改变。该数据表明围产期暴露于ETS改变了新生儿对感染的时序和严重程度的反应，以及ETS由于病毒和细菌感染而改变炎症和细胞流入的模式。

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