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Export wage premium for south Brazilian firms: Interaction between export, human capital, and export destination

机译：出口南巴西公司的工资溢价：出口，人力资本和出口目的地之间的互动

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This paper looks for evidence of learning-by-exporting effects on firms’ average wages and its interaction with human capital level and export destination. This interaction allows us to test the hypothesis that a wage premium for exporting firms should mainly be found in firms employing high-skilled labor. The analysis is based on panel data for the 2010–2013 period and approximately 305,000 south Brazilian firms. We explore different times of entry into export market to use a fixed effects specification. Our results show that on average there are no learning-by-exporting effects on average wages for firms in our sample. However, when interacting firms export status with its human capital level, the effects turn out to be statistically significant. Finally, results suggest that the interaction between export gains and firms’ human capital level is driven by firms exporting to developing countries. We explain this last result by the following mechanism. Low wage countries mainly produce low quality goods. Therefore, firms employing high skilled labor can differentiate their products and consequently escape from intense competition from these countries in the foreign market, obtaining higher export gains.
机译：本文寻求对企业平均工资及其与人力资本水平和出口目的地的互动的逐步出口影响的证据。这种互动使我们能够测试出口公司的工资溢价应该主要在雇用高技能劳动力的公司中找到。分析基于2010-2013期间的面板数据和大约305,000个南巴拉利公司。我们探讨进出口市场的不同时间来使用固定效果规范。我们的研究结果表明，平均对我们样本中的公司的平均工资没有出口的效果。但是，当互动公司与人力资本水平互动出口地位时，这些效果将变得统计学意义。最后，结果表明，出口收益与企业人力资本水平之间的互动由企业出口到发展中国家。我们通过以下机制解释了最后一个结果。低工资国家主要生产出低质量的商品。因此，雇用高技能劳动力的公司可以区分其产品，因此逃离来自这些国家的外国市场的激烈竞争，获得了更高的出口收益。

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