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Patterns of loggerhead turtle ontogenetic shifts revealed through isotopic analysis of annual skeletal growth increments

机译：通过同位素分析的年度骨骼增长增量，Loggerhead龟的模式揭示了

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Ontogenetic changes in resource use often delimit transitions between life stages. Ecological and individual factors can cause variation in the timing and consistency of these transitions, ultimately affecting community and population dynamics through changes in growth and survival. Therefore, it is important to document and understand behavioral and life history polymorphisms, and the processes that drive intraspecific variation in them. To evaluate juvenile loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta ) life history variation and to detect shifts in habitat and diet that occur during an oceanic‐to‐neritic ontogenetic shift, we sequentially analyzed the stable isotope composition of humerus bone growth increments from turtles that stranded dead on Southeastern U.S. beaches between 1997 and 2013 ( n = 84). In one‐half of the sampled turtles, growth increment‐specific nitrogen stable isotope (δ~(15)N) data showed significant increases in δ~(15)N values over each turtle's life. These data were used to provide a new line of evidence that juvenile Northwest Atlantic loggerheads exhibit two major ontogenetic shift patterns: discrete shifts ( n = 24), which were completed within one year, and facultative shifts ( n = 14), which were completed over multiple years (up to five). The mean difference in pre‐ and post‐ontogenetic shift δ~(15)N values was 4.3‰. Differences in isotopic baselines between neritic and oceanic habitats of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean make it likely these patterns are driven by a coupled change in both habitat and diet, and that facultative shifters utilize both neritic and oceanic resources within transitional growth years. Mean size and age at transition between habitats (54.2 cm straightline carapace length, SCL; 11.98 yr) was within the range of previous estimates and did not differ between discrete and facultative shifters. Our results further expand our understanding of loggerhead sea turtle life history polymorphisms and demonstrate the value of bone tissue analysis to the study of this variation. Sequential analysis of annual skeletal growth increments provides a valuable method for reconstructing long‐term ontogenetic changes in foraging ecology and habitat use in long‐lived, cryptic marine species.
机译：资源使用的Ontogency变化通常在生命阶段之间分隔过渡。生态和个人因素可能导致这些过渡的时序和一致性的变化，最终通过增长和生存的变化影响群落和人口动态。因此，重要的是记录和理解行为和生命历史多态性，以及驱动它们内部内部变化的过程。为了评估少年标志性海龟（Caretta Caretta）寿命历史变异，并检测在海洋对无细胞发生过程中发生的栖息地和饮食的变化，我们顺序地分析了从困扰死亡的乌龟的肱骨骨骼生长增量的稳定同位素组成1997年至2013年间东南部海滩（N = 84）。在采样乌龟的一半中，生长增量 - 特异性氮稳定同位素（δ〜（15）n）数据显示出每个乌龟的寿命的δ〜（15）n值显着增加。这些数据用于提供新的证据，即少年西北大西洋令人记录人表现出两种主要的围托模式：离散移位（n = 24），在一年内完成，以及完成的兼直班次（n = 14）多年来（最多五个）。前遗传后和后源性移位的平均差异Δ〜（15）n值为4.3‰。西北大西洋的内腺和海洋栖息地同位素基线的差异使得这一模式可能是栖息地和饮食的耦合变化驱动的，并且兼容改变者在过渡性增长年内利用内腺和海洋资源。栖息地之间的平均大小和年龄（54.2厘米直线甲壳长度，SCL; 11.98 YR）在以前的估计范围内，并且在离散和兼容移位器之间没有区别。我们的结果进一步扩大了我们对Loggerhead海龟生活史多态性的理解，并证明了骨组织分析对这种变异研究的价值。每年骨骼增长增量的顺序分析提供了重建长期植物生态和栖息地使用的长期植物发生变化的有价值的方法，这些方法在长期的隐秘海洋物种中使用。

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