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Maintenance of Borrelia burgdorferi among vertebrate hosts: a test of dilution effect mechanisms

机译：在脊椎动物宿主中维护 Borrelia Burgdorferi ：稀释效应机制的试验

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A better understanding of the mechanisms through which host diversity can influence reservoir pathogen infection is needed to mitigate disease risk. Efforts may involve computational modeling, especially since it is infeasible to perform large‐scale experimental studies of different host composition scenarios in natural settings. We used individual‐based models to examine how changes in host diversity characterized by differences in host reservoir competency for bothIxodes scapularis andBorrelia burgdorferi can influence the maintenance of the pathogen and subsequent human Lyme disease risk. We simulated 1440 different host communities, with 10 repetitions each, consisting of varying densities ofPeromyscus leucopus (white‐footed mouse, 0–50),Tamias striatus (eastern chipmunk, 0–30),Blarina brevicauda ( short‐tailed shrew, 0–30),Sciurus carolinensis (eastern gray squirrel, 0–15), andDidelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum, 0–2). We then quantified support for three mechanisms (i.e., vector regulation, encounter reduction, and transmission reduction) through which biodiversity–disease relationships occurred using species richness, Shannon H diversity, and host abundance. For each of the dilution effect mechanisms, host abundance was consistently the best‐supported predictor of disease risk. In our model, a dilution effect occurred via vector regulation and transmission reduction, where increasing both species richness and host abundance reduced both density of nymphs ( DON ) and density of infected nymphs ( DIN ). However, if disease risk is measured solely by calculating nymphal infection prevalence ( NIP ), it may seem that host diversity amplifies disease risk. Understanding the mechanisms through which the wildlife host community influences pathogen transmission cycles in nature will help foster effective control and reduction of disease risk in humans.
机译：需要更好地理解宿主多样性可以影响储层病原体感染的机制，以减轻疾病风险。努力可能涉及计算建模，特别是因为在自然设置中对不同宿主组合方案进行大规模实验研究是不可行的。我们使用了基于个性的模型来检查主机多样性的变化，其特征在于宿主储层竞争力的差异，对 Ixodes scapularis和 Borrelia Burgdorferi的竞争力可以影响病原体的维持和随后的人莱姆病风险。我们模拟了1440个不同的寄主社区，每次重复10个重复，包括不同密度的蠕动患者睫毛（白脚鼠标，0-50）， Tamias Striatus（Eastern Chipmunk，0-30）， Blarina Brevicauda（短尾泼妇，0-30）， Sciurus carolinensis（东灰松鼠，0-15）和迪特球弗吉尼亚州（弗吉尼亚·莫源，0-2）。然后，我们通过使用物种丰富性，香农H多样性和宿主丰富发生的三种机制（即，载体调节，减少和传输减少）来量化支持三种机制（即，矢量调节，遇到减少和传播减少）。对于每个稀释效应机制，宿主丰富是易于支持的疾病风险的最佳预测因子。在我们的模型中，通过矢量调节和传输减少发生稀释效果，其中种类的丰富性和宿主丰富的增加减少了若虫（Don）和受感染若虫的密度（DIN）的密度。然而，如果通过计算若虫感染患病率（NIP）来测量疾病风险，似乎宿主多样性放大疾病风险。了解野生动物宿主社区影响病原体传输循环的机制将有助于促进人类的有效控制和降低疾病风险。

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