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Re-thinking adaptive immunity in the beetles: Evolutionary and functional trajectories of lncRNAs

机译：在甲虫中重新思考自适应免疫：LNCRNA的进化和功能轨迹

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Unlike vertebrate animals, invertebrates lack lymphocytes and therefore have historically been believed not to develop immune memory. A few studies have reported evidence of immune priming in insects; however, these studies lack the molecular mechanism and proposed it might be different among taxa. Since lncRNAs are known to regulate the immune response, we identified 10,120 lncRNAs in Tribolium castaneum genome-wide followed by transcriptome analysis of primed and unprimed larvae of different infectious status. A shift in lncRNA expression between Btt primed larvae and other treatment groups provides evidence of immune memory response. A few “priming” lncRNAs (n?=?9) were uniquely regulated in Btt primed larvae. Evidence suggests these lncRNAs are likely controlling immune priming in Tribolium by regulating expression of genes involved in proteasomal machinery, Notch system, zinc metabolism, and methyltransferase activity, which are necessary to modulate phagocytosis. Our results support a conserved immune priming mechanism in a macrophage-dependent manner.
机译：与脊椎动物不同，无脊椎动物缺乏淋巴细胞，因此历史上据信却没有发展免疫记忆。一些研究报告了昆虫免疫引发的证据;然而，这些研究缺乏分子机制，并提出它在分类群中可能存在不同。由于已知LNCRNA来调节免疫应答，因此我们在肮脏的Castaneum基因组中鉴定了10,120个LNCRNA，然后进行了不同传染性地位的引发和未提升幼虫的转录组分析。 BTT引发幼虫和其他治疗组之间的LNCRNA表达的转变提供了免疫记忆反应的证据。在BTT灌注幼虫中唯一地调节少数“灌注”LNCRNA（n？=β9）。证据表明，这些LNCRNA可能通过调节蛋白酶体机械，缺口系统，锌代谢和甲基转移酶活性的基因的表达来控制呋喃，这是调节吞噬作用所必需的。我们的研究结果支持巨噬细胞依赖性的保护机制。

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