• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Geosciences >Review of Watershed-Scale Water Quality and Nonpoint Source Pollution Models
【24h】

Review of Watershed-Scale Water Quality and Nonpoint Source Pollution Models

机译：分水岭水质和非点源污染模型综述

获取原文
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Watershed-scale nonpoint source (NPS) pollution models have become important tools to understand, evaluate, and predict the negative impacts of NPS pollution on water quality. Today, there are many NPS models available for users. However, different types of models possess different form and structure as well as complexity of computation. It is difficult for users to select an appropriate model for a specific application without a clear understanding of the limitations or strengths for each model or tool. This review evaluates 14 more commonly used watershed-scale NPS pollution models to explain how and when the application of these different models are appropriate for a given effort. The models that are assessed have a wide range of capacities that include simple models used as rapid screening tools (e.g., Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) and Nonpoint Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool (N-SPECT/OpenNSPECT)), medium-complexity models that require detail data input and limited calibration (e.g., Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF), Loading Simulation Program C (LSPC), Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM), and Watershed Analysis Risk Management Frame (WARMF)), complex models that provide sophisticated simulation for NPS pollution processes with intensive data and rigorous calibration (e.g., Agricultural Nonpoint Source pollution model (AGNPS/AnnAGNPS), Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), and Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF)), and modeling systems that integrate various sub-models and tools, and contain the highest complexity to solve all phases of hydrologic, hydraulic, and chemical dynamic processes (e.g., Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment Tool (AGWA), Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) and Watershed Modeling System (WMS)). This assessment includes model intended use, components or capabilities, suitable land-use type, input parameter type, spatial and temporal scale, simulated pollutants, strengths and limitations, and software availability. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each watershed-scale NPS model will lead to better model selection for suitability and help to avoid misinterpretation or misapplication in practice. The article further explains the crucial criteria for model selection, including spatial and temporal considerations, calibration and validation, uncertainty analysis, and future research direction of NPS pollution models. The goal of this work is to provide accurate and concise insight for watershed managers and planners to select the best-suited model to reduce the harm of NPS pollution to watershed ecosystems.
机译：流域规模的非点源（NPS）污染模型已成为理解，评估和预测NPS污染对水质的负面影响的重要工具。如今，有许多NPS模型可供用户使用。然而，不同类型的模型具有不同的形式和结构以及计算的复杂性。用户难以为特定应用选择适当的模型，而无需清楚地了解每个模型或工具的限制或强度。此评论评估14个常用的流域级别NPS污染模型，以解释这些不同型号的应用程序如何以及何时适用于特定工作。评估的模型具有广泛的能力，包括用作快速筛选工具的简单模型（例如，长期水文影响评估（L-THIA）和非点源污染和侵蚀比较工具（N-SPECT / OPENSPECT）） ，需要详细数据输入和有限校准的中等复杂性模型（例如，广义流域加载功能（GWLF），加载仿真程序C（LSPC），源加载和管理模型（SLAMM），以及流域分析风险管理框架（WATLF） ），复杂模型，为NPS污染过程提供复杂的模拟，具有密集数据和严格的数据和严格的校准（例如，农业非点源污染模型（AGNPS / Annagnnps），土壤和水评估工具（SWAT），雨水管理模型（SWMM）和水文仿真程序Fortran（HSPF））和集成各种子模型和工具的建模系统，并包含最高的复杂性，以解决水文，液压和CH的所有阶段雄性动态过程（例如，自动化地理空间分水岭评估工具（AGWA），更好的评估科学集成点和非点源（盆地）和流域建模系统（WMS））。该评估包括模型预期用途，组件或能力，合适的土地使用类型，输入参数类型，空间和时间标度，模拟污染物，优势和限制以及软件可用性。了解每个流域级NPS模型的优势和弱点将导致更好的模型选择以获得适合性，并有助于避免在实践中误解或误用。本文还介绍了模型选择的关键标准，包括NPS污染模型的空间和时间考虑，校准和验证，不确定性分析以及未来的研究方向。这项工作的目标是为流域管理者和规划者提供准确而简洁的洞察力，以选择最适合的模型，以减少NPS污染对流域生态系统的危害。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号