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Original Research Article Identifying global hotspots of avian trailing-edge population diversity

机译：原始研究文章识别禽类后缘种群多样性的全球热点

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Climate change is causing the ranges of many species to shift poleward and to higher elevations. Trailing-edge populations near the low-latitude edge of a shifting range are predicted to be at high risk of climate-induced extinction, but conservation efforts are hindered by a lack of information about the global distribution of trailing-edge populations. We used a large spatial dataset on the ranges of nearly all extant avian species to identify potential hotspots where trailing-edge populations represent a large proportion of the total avifauna. We identified potential trailing-edge population hotspots by isolating and overlaying low latitude regions of species’ ranges, and computing the proportion of total species richness in a location comprised of low-latitude populations. We identified potential hotspots on all continents other than Antarctica. Potential trailing-edge population diversity was highest near the equator, low-latitude margins of mountain ranges, desert edges, and along coastlines. Because a potential trailing-edge population hotspot might not be an actual trailing-edge population hotspot if the low-latitude populations are not declining, information on population trends is necessary for confirmation. As a case study, we focused on one of the identified hotspots, the Southern Appalachian Mountains, where our analysis indicated that 30 bird species have potential trailing-edge populations. Even though more population studies have been conducted in the Appalachian Mountains than in most of the other potential hotspots that we identified, there was insufficient information available from the high elevations where these species occur to make strong inferences about population declines. Our research highlights the need for a concerted effort to gather more information about population trends in the regions we identified as potential hotspots of trailing-edge population diversity.
机译：气候变化导致许多物种的范围转变为极端和更高的海拔。预计换档范围的低纬度边缘附近的后缘群体是气候引起的灭绝的高风险，但缺乏有关后缘群体的全球分布的信息缺乏守恒努力。我们在几乎所有现存禽类种类的范围内使用了一个大型空间数据集，以识别潜在的热点，其中后缘种群代表总Avifauna的大量比例。我们通过隔离和覆盖物种范围的低纬度区域来确定潜在的后缘群体热点，并计算由低纬度群体组成的位置中的总物种的比例。我们在南极洲以外的所有大陆确定了潜在的热点。潜在的后缘群体多样性在赤道附近最高，山脉，沙漠边缘和海岸线的低纬度边缘。由于潜在的后缘人口热点可能不是实际的后缘人口热点，如果低纬度群体没有下降，有关人口趋势的信息是必要的确认。作为一个案例研究，我们专注于其中一个识别的热点，南方阿巴拉契亚山脉，我们的分析表明30只鸟物种具有潜在的后缘群体。尽管在阿巴拉契亚山脉中进行了更多的人口研究，但在我们所识别的大多数其他潜在热点中，但没有足够的信息，这些信息可从这些物种发生的高升高，以使人口下降的强大推动。我们的研究凸显了一致努力，收集有关我们确定为后缘人数多样性的潜在热点的地区的更多信息。

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