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首页> 外文期刊>Forest and Society >The return of the muro: Institutional bricolage, customary institutions, and protection of the commons in Lembata Island, Nusa Tenggara
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The return of the muro: Institutional bricolage, customary institutions, and protection of the commons in Lembata Island, Nusa Tenggara

机译：穆罗的回归：机构古典，习惯机构和公共场合在莱姆巴塔岛，努沙腾加拉

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The Lembata region is known for complex environmental conflicts between local institutions and external interests to protect endangered species such as the dugong and sperm whale. In this paper, we examine how the Tokajaeng community applies traditional rules ( muro ) in the face of environmental threats to the commons, such as depletion of forests and mangroves, and degradation of coral reefs. Critical Institutional Analysis is applied to examine institutional arrangements governing the commons. The approach acknowledges the complexity of institutions entwined in everyday social life, power relations that animate them, their socio-historical formation, and interplay between formal and informal institutions, as well as the convergence between modern and traditional arrangements. Fieldwork involved in-depth investigation on how the Tokajaengs create and applied rules ( muro ) and how they actively participated in the process of establishing new rules. We find that the muro responds reflexively to both internal and external dynamics in protecting the commons. They at once adapt to changes that threaten the commons in a way that each new threat corresponds with a new rule. Therefore, although the muro is a longstanding institution for local conservation, once suppressed for almost three decades during the New Order era, new arrangements have emerged since 2005 following political reforms in Indonesia. In the context of state efforts applying top-down conservation instruments, the muro shows the value of local institutional authority rooted in local belief systems that can take on new shapes through adaptive mechanisms. The muro therefore offers new opportunities for rethinking conservation in the Wallacea region, in ways that can actively engage local authority to devise and enforce rules to protect the environment.
机译：Lembata地区以当地机构和外部利益之间的复杂环境冲突而闻名，以保护濒危物种，如儒艮和精子鲸。在本文中，我们研究了Tokajaeng社区如何在面对公共威胁的情况下将传统规则（Muro）应用于公共的环境威胁，例如森林和美洲红树的消耗和珊瑚礁的退化。批判机构分析适用于检验管理公约的机构安排。该方法承认日常社会生活中销售的机构的复杂性，动力关系，激励他们的社会历史形成，以及正式和非正式机构之间的相互作用，以及现代和传统安排之间的融合。实地工作参与深入调查Tokajaengs如何创建和应用规则（Muro）以及它们如何积极参与建立新规则的过程。我们发现Muro反应地反应保护公部的内部和外部动态。它们立即适应更改，以使每个新威胁与新规则对应的方式威胁着公共的方式。因此，虽然牟罗是局部保护的长期机构，但在新的秩序时代近三十年来镇压，自2005年以后在印度尼西亚的政治改革之后出现了新的安排。在国家努力的上下文中应用自上而下的保护工具，Muro显示了植根于局部信念系统的地方机构权威的价值，可以通过自适应机制接受新形状。因此，Muro因此为Wallacea地区的重新思考保护提供了新的机会，以便能够积极参与当地权力来制定和执行规则以保护环境。

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