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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Plant Science >Small RNA Regulators of Plant-Hemipteran Interactions: Micromanagers with Versatile Roles
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Small RNA Regulators of Plant-Hemipteran Interactions: Micromanagers with Versatile Roles

机译：植物 - 半翅目互动的小RNA调节因子：微互动者的角色

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Non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) in plants have important roles in regulating biological processes, including development, reproduction, and stress responses. Recent research indicates significant roles for sRNA-mediated gene silencing during plant-hemipteran interactions that involve all three of these biological processes. Plant responses to hemipteran feeding are determined by changes in the host transcriptome that appear to be fine-tuned by sRNAs. The role of sRNA in plant defense responses is complex. Different forms of sRNAs, with specific modes of action, regulate changes in the host transcriptome primarily through post-transcriptional gene silencing and occasionally through translational repression. Plant genetic resistance against hemipterans provides a model to explore the regulatory roles of sRNAs in plant defense. Aphid-induced sRNA expression in resistance genotypes delivers a new paradigm in understanding the regulation of R gene-mediated resistance in host plants. Unique sRNA profiles, including changes in sRNA biogenesis and expression can also provide insights into susceptibility to insect herbivores. Activation of phytohormone-mediated defense responses against insect herbivory is another hallmark of this interaction, and recent studies have shown that regulation of phytohormone signaling is under the control of sRNAs. Hemipterans feeding on resistant plants also show changes in insect sRNA profiles, possibly influencing insect development and reproduction. Changes in insect traits such as fecundity, host range, and resistance to insecticides are impacted by sRNAs and can directly contribute to the success of certain insect biotypes. In addition to causing direct damage to the host plant, hemipteran insects are often vectors of viral pathogens. Insect anti-viral RNAi machinery is activated to limit virus accumulation, suggesting a role in insect immunity. Virus-derived long sRNAs strongly resemble insect piRNAs, leading to the speculation that the piRNA pathway is induced in response to viral infection. Evidence for robust insect RNAi machinery in several hemipteran species is of immense interest and is being actively pursued as a possible tool for insect control. RNAi-induced gene silencing following uptake of exogenous dsRNA was successfully demonstrated in several hemipterans and the presence of sid-1 like genes support the concept of a systemic response in some species.
机译：植物中的非编码小RNA（SRNA）具有重要作用，用于调节生物过程，包括开发，繁殖和应力反应。最近的研究表明，在植物 - 半翅翅片相互作用期间，涉及所有三种这些生物过程的植物血管沉默的显着作用。植物对血红蛋喂养的反应由宿主转录组的变化确定，似乎由SRNA微调。 SRNA在植物防御反应中的作用是复杂的。不同形式的SRNA，具有特定的作用方式，主要通过转录后基因沉默和偶尔通过平移抑制来调节宿主转录组的变化。植物遗传性对抗血管人提供了一种模型，以探讨SRNA在植物防御中的调节作用。抗抗性基因型的蚜虫诱导的SRNA表达在理解宿主植物中的R基因介导的抗性调节方面提供了一种新的范式。独特的SRNA型材，包括SRNA生物发生和表达的变化也可以为昆虫草食虫的易感性提供见解。激活植物激素介导的对昆虫草食病的防御反应是这种相互作用的另一个标志，最近的研究表明，植物激素信号传导的调节是在SRNA的控制下。饲喂耐药植物的血管同性也显示出昆虫SRNA型材的变化，可能会影响昆虫开发和繁殖。昆虫特征的变化如繁殖力，宿主范围和对杀虫剂的抗性受到SRNA的影响，并且可以直接有助于某些昆虫生物型的成功。除了导致对宿主植物的直接损伤，血红兰昆虫通常是病原病原体的载体。昆虫抗病毒RNAi机械被激活以限制病毒积累，表明在昆虫免疫中的作用。病毒衍生的长SRNA非常类似于昆虫PIRNA，导致猜测PiRNA途径响应病毒感染诱导。几种半翅目物种中强大的昆虫RNAi机械的证据具有巨大的兴趣，并且正在积极追求作为昆虫控制的可能工具。在几种血管胞人中成功地证明了rnai诱导的基因沉默，并在几个血管同时证明了类似基因的SID-1的存在支持某些物种中系统性反应的概念。

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