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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Environmental Science >Citywide Inclusive Sanitation—Business as Unusual: Shifting the Paradigm by Shifting Minds
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Citywide Inclusive Sanitation—Business as Unusual: Shifting the Paradigm by Shifting Minds

机译：全国范围内的包容性卫生 - 企业与异常一样：通过转移思维来改变范式

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As the world urbanizes, the challenges of urban sanitation increase, with urban population growth dramatically outpacing gains in sanitation access. Total global costs of inadequate sanitation are estimated at USD 260 billion annually, and reaching the SDG urban sanitation targets will require over USD 45 billion each year. ‘Business as usual’ in urban sanitation – where conventional sewerage and wastewater treatment are considered as the only solution – will not get us to universal safely managed sanitation. Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS) looks to shift the urban sanitation paradigm, aiming to ensure everyone has access to safely managed sanitation by promoting a range of solutions – both on-site and sewered, centralized or decentralized – tailored to the realities of the world’s burgeoning cities. CWIS means focusing on service provision and its enabling environment, rather than on building infrastructure. This shift in paradigm to CWIS requires a shift in mindsets. Governments and development agencies increasingly recognize that historic approaches to urban sanitation have not always worked and new approaches, such as CWIS, are required. Consulting firms need to think differently, and not simply replicate approaches found in developed countries. Engineering curricula should include the design and management of non-conventional systems and should explore opportunities for leapfrogging to solutions that take full account of the public health and environmental imperatives of urban sanitation. We should rethink the way sanitation infrastructure is funded and challenge approaches that subsidize sewers but not onsite sanitation, that don’t embrace innovation and don’t consider running costs. CWIS, or business as unusual, requires awareness raising and capacity building, the spreading around the world of successful experiences, and the development and use of tools and other resource materials designed to help provide sustainable urban sanitation services to all. At the World Bank we see that shifting mindsets towards CWIS principles can be achieved and that there is a growing appetite globally for embracing such principles. We see an important emerging global movement to engage on CWIS by governments and development partners, which provides an unprecedented opportunity to shift the urban sanitation paradigm in the pursuit of universal safely managed sanitation.
机译：随着世界城市化的挑战，城市人口增长的挑战，卫生通道急剧出口。卫生设施不足的全球成本每年估计为260亿美元，并达到SDG城市卫生目标每年需要超过450亿美元。城市卫生设施中的“常规”的“业务” - 常规污水处理和废水处理被认为是唯一的解决方案 - 不会让我们普遍安全管理卫生设施。全市包容性卫生（CWIS）希望通过促进一系列解决方案来改变城市卫生范式，以确保每个人都可以通过促进一系列解决方案来获得安全的管理卫生设施 - 污水，集中或分散 - 对世界蓬勃发展的现实量身定制城市。 CWIS意味着专注于服务提供及其启动环境，而不是建筑基础设施。 PARADIGM到CWIS的这种转变需要在MINDSES中转移。政府和发展机构越来越认识到，城市卫生设施历史悠久的城市途径并不总是工作，并且需要新的方法，如CWI。咨询公司需要不同地思考，而不仅仅是在发达国家发现的复制方法。工程课程应包括非传统系统的设计和管理，并应探讨跨越跨越解决方案的机会，以满足城市卫生的公共卫生和环境要求。我们应该重新思考卫生基础设施的资助和挑战方法补贴下水道但不是现场卫生的方式，这不再拥抱创新，不要考虑运行成本。 CWIS或商业是不寻常的，需要了解提高和能力建设，围绕世界成功经验的传播，以及制定和使用工具和其他资源材料，旨在帮助所有人提供可持续的城市卫生服务。在世界银行，我们看到可以实现向CWIS原则转向思路，并且在全球范围内具有越来越多的食欲，可以满足这些原则。我们看到各国政府和发展伙伴从事CWIS的重要新兴的全球运动，为追求普遍安全管理卫生设施，提供了向城市卫生范式转移的前所未有的机会。

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