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首页> 外文期刊>Frontiers in Human Neuroscience >Atypical Dynamic-Connectivity Recruitment in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Children: An Insight Into Task-Based Dynamic Connectivity Through an fNIRS Study
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Atypical Dynamic-Connectivity Recruitment in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Children: An Insight Into Task-Based Dynamic Connectivity Through an fNIRS Study

机译：注意力缺陷/多动障碍儿童的非典型动态连接性：通过FNIR研究深入了解基于任务的动态连接

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Connectivity between brain regions has been redefined beyond a stationary state. Even when a person is in a resting state, brain connectivity dynamically shifts. However, shifted brain connectivity under externally evoked stimulus is still little understood. The current study, therefore, focuses on task-based dynamic functional-connectivity (FC) analysis of brain signals measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We hypothesize that a stimulus may influence not only brain connectivity but also the occurrence probabilities of task-related and task-irrelevant connectivity states. fNIRS measurement (of the prefrontal-to-inferior parietal lobes) was conducted on 21 typically developing (TD) and 21 age-matched attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children performing an inhibitory control task, namely, the Go/No-Go (GNG) task. It has been reported that ADHD children lack inhibitory control; differences between TD and ADHD children in terms of task-based dynamic FC were also evaluated. Four connectivity states were found to occur during the temporal task course. Two dominant connectivity states (states 1 and 2) are characterized by strong connectivities within the frontoparietal network (occurrence probabilities of 40%–56% and 26%–29%), and presumptively interpreted as task-related states. A connectivity state (state 3) shows strong connectivities in the bilateral medial frontal-to-parietal cortices (occurrence probability of 7–15%). The strong connectivities were found at the overlapped regions related the default mode network (DMN). Another connectivity state (state 4) visualizes strong connectivities in all measured regions (occurrence probability of 10%–16%). A global effect coming from cerebral vascular may highly influence this connectivity state. During the GNG stimulus interval, the ADHD children tended to show decreased occurrence probability of the dominant connectivity state and increased occurrence probability of other connectivity states (states 3 and 4). Bringing a new perspective to explain neuropathophysiology, these findings suggest atypical dynamic network recruitment to accommodate task demands in ADHD children.
机译：脑区之间的连接已经重新定义超出静止状态。即使一个人处于休息状态，脑连接性也会动态转移。然而，在外部诱发的刺激下的移位脑连接仍然很少。因此，目前的研究侧重于通过功能近红外光谱（FNIR）测量的基于任务的动态功能 - 连接（FC）分析。我们假设刺激可能不仅影响脑连接，而且可能影响任务相关和任务 - 无关的连接状态的发生概率。 FNIRS测量（预逆转至下旁瓣）在21例典型的发展（TD）和21次匹配的关注缺陷/多动/多动障碍（ADHD）儿童进行抑制控制任务时进行，即GO / NO-去（GNG）任务。据报道，ADHD儿童缺乏抑制​​控制;还评估了TD和ADHD儿童在基于任务的动态FC方面的差异。在时间任务课程期间发现了四个连接状态。两个主导连接状态（州1和2）的特点是前期网络内强的连接性强烈的连接（40％-56％和26％-29％），并推定为与任务相关的国家进行解释。连接状态（状态3）显示双侧内侧前型皮质中的强型连接性（出现概率为7-15％）。在重叠的区域中发现了强大的连接性相关的默认模式网络（DMN）。另一个连接状态（状态4）可视化所有测量区域中的强连接（发生概率为10％-16％）。来自脑血管的全局效应可能会影响这种连接状态。在GNG刺激间隔期间，ADHD儿童倾向于表示显性连接状态的发生概率和其他连接状态的发生概率增加（州3和4）。这些调查结果提出了一种新的视角来解释神经病理学，建议非典型动态网络招聘，以适应ADHD儿童的任务需求。

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