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首页> 外文期刊>Microorganisms >A Comprehensive Study on the Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Their Producing Fungi during the Maize Production Cycle in Spain
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A Comprehensive Study on the Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Their Producing Fungi during the Maize Production Cycle in Spain

机译：西班牙玉米生产周期中霉菌毒素发生及其生产真菌的综合研究

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Mycotoxin contamination is one of the main problems affecting corn production, due to its significant risk to human and animal health. The Fusarium and Aspergillus species are the main producers of mycotoxins in maize, infecting both pre-harvest and during storage. In this work, we evaluated the presence of mycotoxins and their producing species along maize production cycles in three different stages (anthesis, harvest, and storage) during three consecutive seasons (2016–2018). Fungal occurrences were studied using species-specific PCR protocols, whereas mycotoxin levels were determined by LC-MS/MS. Fumonisin-producing Fusarium species ( F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum ), as well as the aflatoxin producer Aspergillus flavus , were the most predominant species at all stages; although, during some seasons, the presence of F. graminearum and A. niger aggregate species were also identified. Contrastingly, fumonisins were the only mycotoxins detected and levels were always under legal regulations. The results presented here demonstrate that even when fungal contamination occurs at the early stages of the maize production cycle, the application of good agricultural and storage practices might be crucial to ensure mycotoxin-free grains.
机译：肌毒素污染是影响玉米产量的主要问题之一，由于其对人类和动物健康的显着风险。镰刀菌和曲霉属物种是玉米中霉菌毒素的主要生产商，感染预先收获和储存期间。在这项工作中，我们在连续三个季节（2016-2018）中，我们评估了沿三个不同阶段（波动，收获和储存）的玉米生产周期的霉菌毒素及其生产物种。使用特异性PCR方案研究了真菌发生，而霉菌毒素水平由LC-MS / MS测定。生产富龙蛋白的镰刀菌（F. Verticillioides和F.Veriferatum）以及黄曲霉毒素生产商Aspergillus flavus，是所有阶段中最主要的物种;虽然在某些季节期间，还确定了F. Graminearum和A. niger骨料物种的存在。比较的是，Fumonisins是唯一检测到的霉菌毒素，水平始终是法律规定。这里提出的结果表明，即使在玉米生产周期的早期发生真菌污染时，良好的农业和储存实践的应用可能是至关重要的，以确保无毒素免疫谷物。

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