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Triphenylamines Induce Cell Death Upon 2-Photon Excitation

机译：三苯胺诱导2-光子励磁上的细胞死亡

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic method for several diseases, in particular for cancer. This approach uses a photosensitizer, oxygen, and an external light source to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) at lethal doses to induce cell death. One drawback of current PDT is the use of visible light which has poor penetration in tissues. Such a limitation could be overcome by the use of novel organic compounds compatible with photoactivation under near-infrared light excitation. Triphenylamines (TPAs) are highly fluorescent compounds that are efficient to induce cell death upon visible light excitation (458 nm), but outside the biological spectral window. Interestingly, we recently showed that TPAs target cytoplasmic organelles of living cells, mainly mitochondria, and induce a high ROS production upon 2-photon excitation (in the 760-860 nm range), leading to a fast apoptosis process. However, we observed significant differences among the tested TPA compounds in terms of cell distribution and time courses of cell death–related events (apoptosis vs necrosis). In summary, TPAs represent serious candidates as photosensitizers that are compatible with 2-photon excitation to simultaneously trigger and imaging cell death although the relationship between their subcellular localization and the cell death mechanism involved is still a matter of debate.
机译：光动力疗法（PDT）是一种有希望的几种疾病的治疗方法，特别是癌症。这种方法使用光敏剂，氧气和外部光源在致死剂量下产生反应性氧物种（ROS），以诱导细胞死亡。电流PDT的一个缺点是使用可见光，其在组织中渗透不佳。通过在近红外光激发下使用与近红外光激活相容的新型有机化合物可以克服这种限制。三苯胺（TPA）是高度荧光化合物，其有效地在可见光激发（458nm）上诱导细胞死亡，但在生物光谱窗口之外。有趣的是，我们最近表明TPA靶向活细胞的细胞质细胞素，主要是线粒体，并在2-光子激发（在760-860nm范围内）诱导高ROS产生，导致快速凋亡过程。然而，我们在细胞分布和细胞死亡相关事件（细胞凋亡与坏死）方面观察到测试的TPA化合物之间的显着差异。总之，TPA代表严重候选者作为光敏剂，与2-光子激发相容，以同时触发和成像细胞死亡，尽管其亚细胞定位与所涉及的细胞死亡机制之间的关系仍然是辩论问题。

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