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Adult neurogenesis from reprogrammed astrocytes

机译：来自重编程的星形胶质细胞的成人神经发生

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The details of adult neurogenesis, including environmental triggers, region specificity, and species homology remain an area of intense investigation. Slowing or halting age-related cognitive dysfunction, or restoring neurons lost to disease or injury represent just a fraction of potential therapeutic applications. New neurons can derive from stem cells, pluripotent neural progenitor cells, or non-neuronal glial cells, such as astrocytes. Astrocytes must be epigenetically “reprogrammed” to become neurons, which can occur both naturally in vivo, and via artificial exogenous treatments. While neural progenitor cells are localized to a few neurogenic zones in the adult brain, astrocytes populate almost every brain structure. In this review, we will summarize recent research into neurogenesis that arises from conversion of post-mitotic astrocytes, detail the genetic and epigenetic pathways that regulate this process, and discuss the possible clinical relevance in supplementing stem-cell neurogenic therapies.
机译：成年神经发生的细节，包括环境触发，地区特异性和物种同源性仍然是一个激烈的调查领域。减缓或停止年龄相关的认知功能障碍，或恢复失去疾病或损伤的神经元代表潜在治疗应用的一小部分。新神经元可以从干细胞，多能神经祖细胞或非神经元神经胶质细胞（例如星形胶质细胞）衍生。星形胶质细胞必须是表述“重新编程”成为神经元，其可以在体内天然存在，通过人工外源性处理。虽然神经祖细胞局部局限于成年脑中的少数神经源区，但星形胶质细胞几乎每个脑结构填充。在本综述中，我们将概括为神经发生的最新研究，这些内膜发生在薄肽后星形胶质细胞，细节调节该过程的遗传和表观遗传途径，并讨论了补充干细胞神经源性疗法的可能临床相关性。

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