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首页> 外文期刊>Pakistan journal of botany >Genomic and evolutionary diversity of LTR retrotransposons in date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera )
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Genomic and evolutionary diversity of LTR retrotransposons in date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera )

机译：LTR回收扩散和枣棕榈的基因组和进化多样性（Phoenix Dactylifera）

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Of the transposable elements (TEs), the retrotransposons are the most copious elements identified from many sequenced genomes. They have played a major role in genome evolution, rearrangement and expansions based on their copy and paste mode of proliferation. They are further divided into LTR and Non-LTR retrotransposons. The purpose of the current study was to identify the LTR REs in sequenced Phoenix dactylifera genome and to study their structural diversity. A total of 150 P. dactylifera BAC sequences with 60kb sizes were randomly retrieved from NCBI database and screened for the presence of LTR retrotransposons. Seven BAC sequences showed full length LTR Retrotransposons with 4 Copia and 3 Gypsy families having variable copy numbers in respective families. Reverse transcriptase (RT) domain was found as the most conserved domain among Copia and Gypsy superfamilies and was used to deduce evolutionary analysis. The amino acid residues among various RT sequences showed variability in their percentages indicating post divergence evolution. Amino acid Leucine was found in highest proportions followed by Lysine, while Methionine and Tryptophan were in lowest percentages. The phylogenetic analysis based on RT domains confirmed that although having most conserved RT regions, several evolutionary events occurred causing nucleotide polymorphisms and hence clustering of Gypsy and Copia superfamilies into their respective lineages. The study will be helpful in identification and annotation of these elements in other species and genera and their distribution patterns on chromosomes by florescent in situ hybridization techniques.
机译：在可转换元件（TES）中，回向转移是从许多测序基因组鉴定的最丰富的元素。他们在基因组进化中发挥了重要作用，基于它们的副本和粘贴的增殖模式在基因组进化中，重排和扩展。它们进一步分为LTR和非LTR回收站。目前研究的目的是鉴定测序的凤凰霉菌基因组中的LTR RES，并研究其结构多样性。从NCBI数据库中随机检索具有> 60kb尺寸的150pp.dactylifera bac序列，并筛选了LTR回收的存在。七个BAC序列显示全长LTR回收器，其中包含4个Copia和3个吉普赛家庭，在各个系列中具有可变拷贝数。逆转录酶（RT）结构域被认为是Copia和吉普赛人超级美食中最保守的结构域，用于推导进化分析。各种RT序列中的氨基酸残基显示出百分比的可变性，其百分比表明发作后进化的进化。以最高比例发现氨基酸亮氨酸，然后发现赖氨酸，而甲硫氨酸和色氨酸均以最低百分比。基于RT结构域的系统发育分析证实，尽管具有最低的RT区域，但发生了几种进化事件，导致核苷酸多态性并因此将吉普赛和Copia Superfilies聚类为各自的谱系。该研究将有助于识别和注释其他物种和属的这些元素及其在原位杂交技术上的染色体上的分布模式。

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