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Vibrational Surface Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Probes Confined Surface-Phonon Modes

机译:振动表面电子 - 能量 - 损耗光谱探测器限制表面 - 声子模式

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Recently, two reports [Krivanek et?al. Nature (London) 514, 209 (2014) , Lagos et?al. Nature (London) 543, 529 (2017) ] have demonstrated the amazing possibility to probe vibrational excitations from nanoparticles with a spatial resolution much smaller than the corresponding free-space phonon wavelength using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). While Lagos et?al. evidenced a strong spatial and spectral modulation of the EELS signal over a nanoparticle, Krivanek et?al. did not. Here, we show that discrepancies among different EELS experiments as well as their relation to optical near- and far-field optical experiments [Dai et?al. Science 343, 1125 (2014) ] can be understood by introducing the concept of confined bright and dark surface phonon modes, whose density of states is probed by EELS. Such a concise formalism is the vibrational counterpart of the broadly used formalism for localized surface plasmons [Ouyang and Isaacson Philos. Mag. B 60, 481 (1989) , García de Abajo and Aizpurua Phys. Rev. B 56, 15873 (1997) , García de Abajo and Kociak Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 106804 (2008) , Boudarham and Kociak Phys. Rev. B 85, 245447 (2012) ]; it makes it straightforward to predict or interpret phenomena already known for localized surface plasmons such as environment-related energy shifts or the possibility of 3D mapping of the related surface charge densities [Collins et?al. ACS Photonics 2, 1628 (2015) ].
机译:最近,两份报告[Krivanek等。自然(伦敦)514,209(2014),拉各斯et?al。大自然(伦敦)543,529(2017)已经证明了探讨了使用电子 - 能损光谱(EEL)的相应自由空间声子波长小于相应的自由空间声子波长的空间分辨率探测从纳米颗粒的振动激发的惊人可能性。虽然拉各斯et?al。通过纳米颗粒,Krivanek等,证明了鳗鱼信号的强烈空间和光谱调制。没有。在这里,我们展示了不同鳗鱼实验的差异以及与光学近和远场光学实验的关系[Dai Et吗?。通过引入狭窄的明亮和深色表面声子模式的概念,可以理解科学343,1125(2014)],其各种密度由鳗鱼探测。这种简洁的形式主义是局部表面等离子体的广泛使用形式主义的振动对应物[欧阳和伊萨克逊菲罗斯。梅。 B 60,481(1989),Garcíadebajo和Aizpurua phys。 Rev. B 56,15873(1997),GarcíadeBajo和Kociak Phys。 rev. lett。 100,106804(2008),Boudarham和Kociak Phys。 Rev. B 85,245447(2012)];它使得预测或解释已经已知的局部表面等离子体(例如环境相关能量偏移或3D映射相关表面电荷密度的3D映射的可能性)的预测或解释现象[Collins等。 ACS Photonics 2,1628(2015)]。

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