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首页> 外文期刊>PLoS Genetics >Long transposon-rich centromeres in an oomycete reveal divergence of centromere features in Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria lineages
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Long transposon-rich centromeres in an oomycete reveal divergence of centromere features in Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria lineages

机译：oomycete中的富膦酸丰富的浓度揭示了斯特拉络尼奥 - 肺泡 - rhizaria谱系中的Centromere特征的分歧

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Centromeres are chromosomal regions that serve as platforms for kinetochore assembly and spindle attachments, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Despite functional conservation, centromere DNA sequences are diverse and often repetitive, making them challenging to assemble and identify. Here, we describe centromeres in an oomycete Phytophthora sojae by combining long-read sequencing-based genome assembly and chromatin immunoprecipitation for the centromeric histone CENP-A followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). P . sojae centromeres cluster at a single focus at different life stages and during nuclear division. We report an improved genome assembly of the P . sojae reference strain, which enabled identification of 15 enriched CENP-A binding regions as putative centromeres. By focusing on a subset of these regions, we demonstrate that centromeres in P . sojae are regional, spanning 211 to 356 kb. Most of these regions are transposon-rich, poorly transcribed, and lack the histone modification H3K4me2 but are embedded within regions with the heterochromatin marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Strikingly, we discovered a Copia -like transposon (CoLT) that is highly enriched in the CENP-A chromatin. Similar clustered elements are also found in oomycete relatives of P . sojae , and may be applied as a criterion for prediction of oomycete centromeres. This work reveals a divergence of centromere features in oomycetes as compared to other organisms in the Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria (SAR) supergroup including diatoms and Plasmodium falciparum that have relatively short and simple regional centromeres. Identification of P . sojae centromeres in turn also advances the genome assembly.
机译：Centromeres是染色体区域，用作Kinetochore组件和主轴附件的平台，确保细胞分裂过程中精确的染色体隔离。尽管功能保守，所以Centromere DNA序列是多种多样的，并且经常重复，使其具有挑战性地组装和识别。这里，通过将基于长读取的测序的基因组组件和染色质免疫沉淀和染色体组蛋白CENP-A和高通量测序（芯片-SEQ）相结合，通过组合oomycete植物植物细胞瘤SOJAE描述oomycete植物植物中的焦粒子。 p。 Sojae Centromeres集群在不同的生活阶段和核划分期间的单一焦点。我们报告了一种改进的p的基因组组装。 Sojae参考菌株，使得能够鉴定15个富含CENP-A结合区域作为推定的焦点。通过专注于这些地区的子集，我们证明了p中的焦点。 Sojae是区域性的，跨越211到356 kB。这些区域中的大多数是富含转基因的，转录的，并且缺乏组蛋白改性H3K4ME2，但嵌入与异铬胺标记H3K9ME3和H3K27ME3的区域内。尖锐地，我们发现了一种在CENP-A染色质中富集的Copia-kike转座（COLT）。在oomycete亲属中也发现了类似的聚类元素。 SOJAE，并且可以作为预测Oomycete Centromeres的标准。该作品揭示了核心核素中的Centromere特征的分歧，与Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria（SAR）超级组中的其他生物相比，包括具有相对较短和简单的区域Centromeres的硅藻和疟原虫。鉴定p。 Sojae Centromeres又推动了基因组组装。

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