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首页> 外文期刊>PLoS Genetics >Pleiotropy facilitates local adaptation to distant optima in common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
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Pleiotropy facilitates local adaptation to distant optima in common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia)

机译：Pleiotropy促进局部适应常见的豚草（<斜视> Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ）

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Pleiotropy, the control of multiple phenotypes by a single locus, is expected to slow the rate of adaptation by increasing the chance that beneficial alleles also have deleterious effects. However, a prediction arising from classical theory of quantitative trait evolution states that pleiotropic alleles may have a selective advantage when phenotypes are distant from their selective optima. We examine the role of pleiotropy in regulating adaptive differentiation among populations of common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia ); a species that has recently expanded its North American range due to human-mediated habitat change. We employ a phenotype-free approach by using connectivity in gene networks as a proxy for pleiotropy. First, we identify loci bearing footprints of local adaptation, and then use genotype-expression mapping and co-expression networks to infer the connectivity of the genes. Our results indicate that the putatively adaptive loci are highly pleiotropic, as they are more likely than expected to affect the expression of other genes, and they reside in central positions within the gene networks. We propose that the conditionally advantageous alleles at these loci avoid the cost of pleiotropy by having large phenotypic effects that are beneficial when populations are far from their selective optima. We further use evolutionary simulations to show that these patterns are in agreement with a model where populations face novel selective pressures, as expected during a range expansion. Overall, our results suggest that highly connected genes may be targets of positive selection during environmental change, even though they likely experience strong purifying selection in stable selective environments.
机译：Pleiotropy，通过单个基因座对多种表型的控制，预计通过增加有益等位基因也具有有害效果的可能性来减慢适应速度。然而，从经典的定量性状展开的预测结果导致磷酸异位等位基因在表型远离它们的选择性最佳时，磷酸性等位基因可能具有选择性的优势。我们研究了Pleificropy在常见豚草（Ambrosia Artemisiifolia）种群的适应性分化中的作用;由于人类介导的栖息地改变，最近将其北美范围扩大的物种。我们通过使用基因网络中的连接作为Pleiotropy的代理，使用一种无​​表型方法。首先，我们识别局部适应的基因座轴承占地面积，然后使用基因型表达映射和共表达网络来推断基因的连接。我们的结果表明，备受适应性基因座是高度抗脂性的，因为它们更可能影响其他基因的表达，并且它们位于基因网络中的中央位置。我们提出这些基因座的可条件有利的等位基因避免了通过具有大量表型效果的血液型效果，当种群远离其选择性最佳时，这些效果是有益的。我们进一步使用进化模拟，表明这些模式与群体面临新颖选择性压力的模型一致，如在范围扩张期间的预期。总体而言，我们的结果表明，高度连接的基因可能是环境变化期间积极选择的目标，即使它们可能在稳定的选择性环境中经历了强烈的净化选择。

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