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首页> 外文期刊>Web Ecology >Morphometric traits of shells determine external attack and internal utilization marks in the Roman snail in eastern Germany
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Morphometric traits of shells determine external attack and internal utilization marks in the Roman snail in eastern Germany

机译：壳体的形态学性状决定了德国罗马蜗牛的外部攻击和内部利用标志

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Overexploitation, habitat destruction and a changing climate threaten populations of the Roman snail (Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758), which has led to a high protection status in Germany. Vertebrate and invertebrate predators, including parasites and facultative parasitoids, further cause pressure on populations. Given the conservation concern for H. pomatia and its rarity in the study region (Cottbus, Germany), we studied how predators and facultative parasitoids utilize H. pomatia shells with a focus on non-invasive field methods. As previous studies indicated that shell size may affect prey selection by predators, morphometric traits were measured in eight subpopulations. We identified the total number and percentage of H. pomatia shells that showed external attack marks by predators and internal utilization marks by Diptera pupae and related those utilization patterns to the morphometric traits of shells. A large proportion of the shells in local subpopulations showed signs of external attack and internal utilization, and both utilization forms were positively correlated. External attacks by predators were more frequent in larger shells and internal utilization by Diptera was more common in shells with higher body density. These results suggest a considerable pressure by predators and potential facultative parasitoids on H. pomatia populations in the study area. Future research should focus on the relationship between snails from the family Helicidae and flies from the genus Discomyza. Conservation programmes should consider abiotic habitat conditions together with potential trophic interactions to maximize the success of conservation strategies.
机译：过度开采，栖息地破坏和罗马蜗牛（Helix Pomatia Linnaeus，1758）的变化气候威胁群体，这导致了德国的高保护地位。脊椎动物和无脊椎动物捕食者，包括寄生虫和伴癌，进一步引起人口压力。鉴于H. Pomatia的保护问题及其在学习区（Cottbus，德国）的稀有性，我们研究了捕食者和兼容性寄生虫如何利用H. Pomatia壳，重点是非侵入性领域方法。由于先前的研究表明，壳体尺寸可能会影响捕食者的猎物选择，在八个亚群中测量形态学性状。我们确定了捕食者普遍攻击和内部利用率的外部攻击标记的H. Pomatia壳的总数和百分比。与贝壳的形态测量特征相关的那些利用模式。局部亚步骤中的大部分壳显示出外部攻击和内部利用的迹象，并且均有呈呈正相关。捕食者的外部攻击在较大的壳体中更频繁地在较大的壳体中更频繁，Diptera内部利用在具有更高体密度的壳中更常见。这些结果表明，捕食者和研究区域H. Pomatia群体的潜在兼容性寄生素的大量压力。未来的研究应专注于蜗牛之间来自家族枯草的关系，并从废弃属的苍蝇。保护计划应考虑非生物栖息地条件以及潜在的营养互动，以最大限度地提高保护策略的成功。

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