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首页> 外文期刊>World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology >Towards Safer and More Sustainable Ways for Exploiting Nuclear Power
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Towards Safer and More Sustainable Ways for Exploiting Nuclear Power

机译：走向更安全，更可持续的利用核电方式

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Future electricity systems are challenged by deep decarbonization and concurrently increasing demand and there are growing concerns that renewables cannot shoulder this alone. Starting from the proven principle of diversity, we argue for keeping the nuclear option open or even for expanding its use. However, the perspectives are dim for the current technology as safety concerns and social aversion remain as fundamental problems. While looking for future revolutionary safe and more sustainable nuclear concepts we first review the main characteristics of civil nuclear energy, as well as its safety records and technical progress. We then list the key requirements for innovative nuclear systems designs which are less dependent on active safety systems and human performance as well as social stability. This allows us to provide a concept by concept comparison and assessment of existing and novel technologies and designs including different coolants and neutron spectra. The results indicate a high potential for far-reaching improvements compared to most advanced LWRs, although none of the candidate concepts meets all requirements convincingly, yet, helium cooled, small modular reactors (HTR-PM) come closest. We end by stressing the need for future research and development, and keeping human capital and know-how in nuclear energy; we call for an urgent increase in government and international RD&D funding by the order of a few hundreds of billions of USD per year, which will likely lead to breakthroughs that will restart productivity growth in severely affected stagnating modern economies.
机译：未来的电力系统受到深度脱碳并同时的需求，并且日益增长的是，可再生能源不能单独肩负。从经过验证的多样性原则开始，我们争辩旨在保持核选项，甚至扩大其使用。然而，由于安全问题和社会厌恶仍然是基本问题，目前技术的视角是暗淡的。在寻找未来的革命性安全和更可持续的核概念，我们首先审查民用核能的主要特征，以及其安全记录和技术进步。然后，我们列出了创新核系统设计的关键要求，这些设计不太依赖于主动安全系统和人类性能以及社会稳定性。这使我们能够通过概念比较和评估现有和新颖的技术和设计，包括不同的冷却剂和中子谱的设计。结果表明，与大多数先进的LWR相比，达到深远改善的高潜力，但候选概念都没有令人信服地满足所有要求，但氦冷却，小模块化反应器（HTR-PM）最接近。我们通过强调未来的研发需求，并保持人力资本和核能的技术;我们呼吁每年达到数亿美元兑美元的政府和国际RD＆D资金的紧急增加，这可能会导致突破，这将在严重影响现代经济体内重新开始生产力增长。

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