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A Communication Infrastructure for the Health and Social Care Internet of Things: Proof-of-Concept Study

机译：健康和社会护理互联网的通信基础设施：概念验证研究

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Background Increasing life expectancy and reducing birth rates indicate that the world population is becoming older, with many challenges related to quality of life for old and fragile people, as well as their informal caregivers. In the last few years, novel information and communication technology techniques generally known as the Internet of Things (IoT) have been developed, and they are centered around the provision of computation and communication capabilities to objects. The IoT may provide older people with devices that enable their functional independence in daily life by either extending their own capacity or facilitating the efforts of their caregivers. LoRa is a proprietary wireless transmission protocol optimized for long-range, low-power, low–data-rate applications. LoRaWAN is an open stack built upon LoRa. Objective This paper describes an infrastructure designed and experimentally developed to support IoT deployment in a health care setup, and the management of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia has been chosen for a proof-of-concept study. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is that it is based on the LoRaWAN protocol stack, which exploits unlicensed frequencies and allows for the use of very low-power radio devices, making it a rational choice for IoT communication. Methods A complete LoRaWAN-based infrastructure was designed, with features partly decided in agreement with caregivers, including outdoor patient tracking to control wandering; fall recognition; and capability of collecting data for further clinical studies. Further features suggested by caregivers were night motion surveillance and indoor tracking for large residential structures. Implementation involved a prototype node with tracking and fall recognition capabilities, a middle layer based on an existing network server, and a Web application for overall management of patients and caregivers. Tests were performed to investigate indoor and outdoor capabilities in a real-world setting and study the applicability of LoRaWAN in health and social care scenarios. Results Three experiments were carried out. One aimed to test the technical functionality of the infrastructure, another assessed indoor features, and the last assessed outdoor features. The only critical issue was fall recognition, because a slip was not always easy to recognize. Conclusions The project allowed the identification of some advantages and restrictions of the LoRaWAN technology when applied to the health and social care sectors. Free installation allows the development of services that reach ranges comparable to those available with cellular telephony, but without running costs like telephony fees. However, there are technological limitations, which restrict the scenarios in which LoRaWAN is applicable, although there is room for many applications. We believe that setting up low-weight infrastructure and carefully determining whether applications can be concretely implemented within LoRaWAN limits might help in optimizing community care activities while not adding much burden and cost in information technology management.
机译：背景，提高寿命和降低出生率表明，世界人口变得越来越大，与老人和脆弱的人的生活质量有许多挑战，以及他们的非正式护理人员。在过去的几年中，已经开发出一种新颖的信息和通信技术技术，通常被称为物联网（物联网），它们围绕对对象的计算和通信能力为中心。 IOT可以提供具有能够在日常生活中实现其功能独立的老年人，通过延长自己的能力或促进他们的照顾者的努力。 LORA是针对远程，低功耗，低数据速率应用的专有无线传输协议。 Lorawan是一个在洛拉建造的开放式堆栈。目的本文介绍了一种基础设施，以支持在医疗保健设置中支持物联网部署，并选择了患有阿尔茨海默病和痴呆症的患者的验证研究。所提出的方法的特殊性是它基于Lorawan协议栈，该堆栈利用未经许可的频率并允许使用非常低功率的无线电设备，使其成为IOT通信的理性选择。方法采用完整的Lorawan基础设施设计，具有部分决定与护理人员一致的功能，包括户外患者跟踪控制徘徊;堕落识别;和收集数据进一步临床研究的能力。护理人员建议的进一步特征是夜间运动监控和室内跟踪大型住宅结构。实现涉及具有跟踪和跌倒识别能力的原型节点，基于现有网络服务器的中间层，以及患者和护理人员的整体管理的Web应用程序。进行测试以调查在真实的环境中的室内和室外能力，研究洛拉瓦本在健康和社会护理情景中的适用性。结果进行了三个实验。一个旨在测试基础设施的技术功能，另一个评估的室内功能以及最后一次评估的户外特征。唯一的批评问题是堕落的认可，因为滑动并不总是容易识别。结论该项目允许在适用于健康和社会护理部门时确定Lorawan技术的一些优缺点。免费安装允许开发与蜂窝电话可用的服务相当的服务，但不像电话费用等运行费用。然而，存在技术限制，这限制了洛拉瓦本适用的场景，尽管许多应用程序都有空间。我们认为，建立低重量的基础设施，并仔细确定应用程序是否可以在洛拉瓦本限制中具体实施，这可能有助于优化社区护理活动，同时在信息技术管理中没有增加大量负担和成本。

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