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首页> 外文期刊>JMIR pediatrics and parenting. >Features and Educational Content Related to Milk Production in Breastfeeding Apps: Content Analysis Informed by Social Cognitive Theory
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Features and Educational Content Related to Milk Production in Breastfeeding Apps: Content Analysis Informed by Social Cognitive Theory

机译：与母乳制作相关的特征和教育内容在母乳喂养应用中：社会认知理论上通知内容分析

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Low milk production is one of the main reasons for premature breastfeeding cessation. Smartphone apps have the potential to assist mothers with promoting, interpreting, tracking, or learning about milk production. It is not known whether breastfeeding apps contain high-quality, engaging, and diverse content and features that could be used by mothers to increase their breastfeeding self-efficacy and answer their questions about milk production. The overarching objective of this study was to identify and evaluate features and content within breastfeeding apps that could be used by mothers to increase breastfeeding self-efficacy and answer their questions about milk production. The secondary objectives were to quantify the diversity of representation of breastfeeding experiences within breastfeeding apps and to define the type of organization that is most likely to create free apps and/or apps with high-quality, engaging, and diverse features and content related to milk production. Breastfeeding apps were identified in the Apple App Store. All features that assist mothers with tracking, promoting, or interpreting milk production in the first 0-6 months postpartum were noted. Every screen containing educational information about milk production was identified and saved for review. Images of mothers and caretakers within the selected screenshots were assessed. Three scoresheets informed by Social Cognitive Theory were created to evaluate all identified features, educational content, and images representing the breastfeeding experience. Forty-one breastfeeding apps were reviewed. Only seven apps contained both features and educational content related to milk production. Thirteen apps that contained educational content related to milk production received a mean combined content and cultural diversity score of 15.3 of 78. Of the 48 photos reviewed in screenshots that contained educational content on milk production, 87.5% (n=42) were of white women and their infants. For-profit companies and large organizations were most likely to create free apps and apps that received high scores on the combined content and diversity or features scoresheet, respectively. Features and educational content related to milk production and breastfeeding imagery within breastfeeding apps were evaluated using three novel scoresheets informed by Social Cognitive Theory. Few apps contained both features that promote breastfeeding self-efficacy and high-quality, engaging, educational content with images of diverse caretakers. Thus, it is likely that parents, especially those from minority or low-income groups, have limited options when selecting a breastfeeding app. App developers could use the scoresheets and findings in this review to develop breastfeeding apps that assist mothers with interpreting, tracking, or learning about milk production through high-quality and engaging features, content, and imagery. ?Suhail Sidhu, Kaoer Ma, Anna Sadovnikova. Originally published in JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting (http://pediatrics.jmir.org), 01.05.2019.
机译：低牛奶生产是过早母乳喂养的主要原因之一。智能手机应用程序有可能协助母亲推广，解释，跟踪或了解牛奶生产。尚不清楚母乳喂养应用是否包含高质量，有效和多样化的内容和功能，这些内容和功能可以通过母亲使用母乳喂养的自我效能，并回答他们有关牛奶生产的问题。本研究的总体目标是识别和评估母乳喂养应用程序中的特征和内容，这些应用程序可以被母亲使用，以增加母乳喂养的自我效能，并回答他们有关牛奶生产的问题。次要目标是量化母乳喂养应用中的母乳喂养经验的代表的多样性，并定义最有可能创建具有高质量，参与和多样性和与牛奶相关的内容的免费应用和/或应用程序的组织类型生产。在Apple App Store中确定了母乳喂养应用程序。在产后的前0-6个月内，指出了辅助跟踪，促进或解释牛奶产量的母亲的所有功能。确定了包含有关牛奶生产教育信息的屏幕并保存审查。评估了所选截图中的母亲和护理人员的图像。创建了由社会认知理论通知的三表，以评估代表母乳喂养体验的所有已识别的功能，教育内容和图像。审查了四十一母乳喂养应用程序。只有七个应用程序包含两种功能，并与牛奶的生产教育内容。包含与牛奶产量相关的教育内容的十三个应用程序获得了平均综合的内容和文化多样性分数为78分。其中48张照片中审查的48张照片，其中包括牛奶产量的教育内容，87.5％（n = 42）是白人女性和他们的婴儿。营利性公司和大型组织最有可能创建收到综合内容和多样性或功能分别的最高分数的免费应用程序和应用程序。使用社会认知理论信息的三表评估了与母乳制作和母乳喂养和母乳喂养图像相关的特征和教育内容。很少有应用程序包含促进母乳喂养自我效力和高质量，有效的教育内容的特点，具有不同的看护人的图像。因此，父母可能是少数民族或低收入群体中的父母，尤其是选择母乳喂养应用程序的选择有限。应用程序开发人员可以使用和评分表调查结果在本次审查制定母乳喂养的应用程序，帮助妈妈们解释，跟踪或了解通过高质量和引人入胜的功能，内容和图像牛奶产量。 ？Suhail Sidhu，Kaoer Ma，Anna Sadovnikova。最初在JMIR儿科和育儿（http://pediatrics.jmir.org），01.05.2019。

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