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Relating oral hygiene, gingival, and periodontal status with nicotine dependence among smokers - A cross-sectional study

机译：在吸烟者之间与尼古丁依赖相关的口腔卫生，牙龈和牙周地位 - 横断面研究

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Background: The objective was to examine the oral hygiene, gingival, and periodontal status among smokers and to relate them with nicotine dependence. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out among smokers and nonsmokers in Benin-City, Edo State. Data collection was done through questionnaire and oral examination. The indices applied were Fagerstrom test, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Gingival Index (GI), Community Periodontal Index, and tooth mobility index. Results: A total of 40 (20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers) persons participated in the study. The mean OHI-S for smokers was 2.87 ± 0.92 while that of nonsmoker was 2.20 ± 0.73 and this was statistically significant (P = 0.015). The mean GI for smokers was 1.04 ± 0.36 while that of nonsmoker was 0.80 ± 0.22 and this was statistically significant (P = 0.018). The mean number of mobile teeth for smokers was 0.15 ± 0.49 while that of nonsmoker was. 00 ± 0.00 and this was not statistically significant (P = 0.178). One-quarter (25%) of smokers had score 3 and 4 while only 5% of nonsmokers had were found Shallow and deep pockets were found score 3 and 4. About half (45.0%) of the smokers had low-moderate nicotine dependency among the smokers revealed that. Participants with higher nicotine dependence had nonsignificantly poorer oral hygiene, gingival, and periodontal status than their counterparts. Conclusion: Smokers generally had poorer oral hygiene, gingival, and periodontal status as compared to the nonsmokers. Smokers with higher nicotine dependence did not have poorer oral hygiene, gingival, and periodontal status than their counterparts.
机译：背景：目的是检查吸烟者之间的口腔卫生，牙龈和牙周地位，并用尼古丁依赖关系。方法：江富州贝宁市吸烟者和非闻名者的横截面研究。数据收集是通过调查问卷和口头审查完成的。所应用的指标是Fagerstrom测试，简化口腔卫生指数（OHI-S），牙龈指数（GI），社区牙周指数和牙齿流动指数。结果：共有40名（吸烟者和20名不吸烟者）参加该研究。吸烟者的平均OHI-S为2.87±0.92，而Nonsmoker为2.20±0.73，这是统计学意义（P = 0.015）。吸烟者的平均GI为1.04±0.36，而Nonsmoker的含量为0.80±0.22，这在统计学上显着（P = 0.018）。吸烟者的平均移动齿数为0.15±0.49，而非商口占据。 00±0.00，这在统计学上没有统计学意义（P = 0.178）。四分之一（25％）的吸烟者得分为3和4，而只有5％的非吸烟者被发现浅，发现深口袋被发现得分3和4.大约一半（45.0％）的吸烟者在中间的尼古丁依赖吸烟者透露出来。尼古丁依赖较高的参与者对口腔卫生，牙龈衰弱，牙龈和牙周状况高于其对应物。结论：与非助手相比，吸烟者通常具有较差的口腔卫生，牙龈牙龈和牙周地位。尼古丁依赖较高的吸烟者没有比其对应物的口服卫生，牙龈牙龈较差，牙龈和牙周病。

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