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The Gender Patenting Gap: A Study on the Iberoamerican Countries

机译：性别专利差距：对伊伯纳米亚国家的研究

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Purpose This work presents a study on the female involvement in patent applications in all 23 Ibero-American countries that are WIPO members, in order to measure gender inequalities in institutional collaborations and technological fields, across time. Design/methodology/approach The data used in this paper come from EPO Worldwide Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT). PATSTAT contains bibliographical data relating to more than 100 million patent documents from leading industrialized and developing countries, as well as legal event data from more than 40 patent authorities contained in the EPO worldwide legal event data (INPADOC). The extracted subset is composed of 150,863 patent applications with priority years between 2007 and 2016. Findings Our observations indicate that even in more dynamic economies such as Portugal and Spain, the participation of women per patent applications does not exceed 30%. Additionally, the distribution of female participation among institutional sectors and technological fields is consistent with previous studies in other regions and indicate a socio-cultural divide. Research limitations Unisex names were not considered and were counted as gender unknown, and patent applications for which no inventor information was available were discarded, but further effort of data analysis may provide more information about gender inequalities. Practical implications While patents are imperfect variables of inventive step and therefore should be considered as a variable proxy of innovation, our findings may help to guide the implementation of policies for balancing gender participation in innovative activities, as well as instigating research into the issues causing divisive participation along gender lines. Originality/value While there is a widespread effort into evaluating and improving the participation of groups recognized as minorities within state-of-the-art activities, research about women participation in the innovation sector is fragmented due to differing regional characteristics: industrial and academic segmentation, socio-economic disparities, and cultural factors. Thus, localized studies present an opportunity of filling the gaps of knowledge on societal participation in innovation activities.
机译：目的，这项工作提出了对WIPO成员的所有23个伊伯利亚国家的专利申请的女性参与研究，以衡量体制合作和技术领域的性别不平等。设计/方法/方法本文中使用的数据来自EPO全球专利统计数据库（Patstat）。 Patstat包含来自领先的工业化和发展中国家的100多万专利文献的书目数据，以及欧盟全球法律事件数据（InPadoc）中包含的40多个专利机构的法律事件数据。提取的子集由2007年至2016年期间的150,863名专利申请组成，我们的观察结果表明，即使在葡萄牙和西班牙等更具活力的经济体中，妇女每项专利申请的参与也不超过30％。此外，在制度部门和技术领域之间的女性参与分布与其他地区的先前研究一致，并表明了社会文化鸿沟。研究限制不考虑英式名称，并被视为性别未知，并丢弃了未提供发明人信息的专利申请，但数据分析的进一步努力可以提供有关性别不平等的更多信息。实际意义，同时专利是创造性的不完美变量，因此应该被视为创新的可变代理，我们的调查结果可能有助于指导实施能够平衡性别参与创新活动的政策，以及煽动造成分裂问题的研究参加性别线条。原创性/价值虽然有广泛的努力评估和改善所公认的少数群体在最先进的活动中的参与，但由于区域特征不同：工业和学术细分，妇女参与创新部门的研究是分散的，社会经济差异和文化因素。因此，本地化研究展示了填补社会参与创新活动的知识差距的机会。

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