Robotics 2019 Robotics for a sustainable precision agriculture - Gerassimos Peteinatos - University of Hohenheim

Gerassimos Peteinatos

摘要

The irruption of Information and Communication Technologies in agriculture has provided new tools, enabling the more regular and rational distribution of efforts and inputs. This leaded into the current farm management systems and crop management strategies that take into account the temporal and spatial variability of the crop. This irruption of new digital technologies, known as Agriculture 4.0 incorporated within Precision Agriculture, can revolutionize agriculture and herald the dawn of a more autonomous and stable agricultural world. A pallet of different applications can utilize this novel technology, for example in plant breeding, nutritional assistance or pest management. A pest monitoring system and the equivalent localized treatment applicator can be conceived as a complex artificial system consisting of (1) perception (sensors) for detection and 3D modeling of natural structures, focusing on values of importance and interest. (2) Decision making (processing) for the elaboration of an action plan that monetizes the parameters of interest extracted from the models into treatment decisions, always taking into consideration the perceived and established objectives. (3) Actuation (actuators): implementation of the treatment plan, closing the perceptiondecision - actuation loop through the control and development of intelligent tools. The integration of perception systems for the detection and control of action devices for treatment on autonomous mobile platforms will allow a more exhaustive, and therefore effective, pest treatment, as well as being more precise and safe both for the agri-food chain and the environment. This general approach is the basis for agricultural robotics.??There have been major developments in the world related to food safety and traceability. Some of the initiatives come from governments to protect the health of the citizens, the other are private initiatives by growers and retailers in order to meet the expectations of their customers with respect to food safety and environmental sustainability. Everyone in the food chain assumes that these expectations can be satisfied if production is done in line with good agricultural practices (GAP). It appears also that the origin and destination of animal feed, materials and food in all stages of production and distribution must be known and as information available to the qualified authorities or to food safety departments at manufacturers or retailers. Global G.A.P. is an example of a standard for primary agricultural production. A partnership between retailers, food traders and growers administers and maintains this standard that is being used worldwide. The aim is to ensure integrity, transparency and harmonization of global agricultural standards since sourcing of food, either fresh produce or processed farm products, has become a global activity. Precision agriculture?technologies and robotics share the underlying ideas of GAP and may become important tools for complying with the regulations and for documentation of the production conditions as a proof of compliance.??The Scheme covers the whole agricultural production process of the certified product, from before the plant is in the ground (seed and nursery control points) to non-processed end products (Produce Handling control points). In response to the challenges posed by fast changing crop protection product legislation, the Global G.A.P. organization developed guidance notes to help farmers and growers to become more fully aware of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in operation in the markets where the product will be sold.??Precision Farming and the use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) on agricultural machinery, provide location and time information of all treatments. This is of course very important for automation like navigation during the different treatments or the collection of data on crop status, diseases and yields. After harvest, the GPS data may be added to the shipping documents such that the origin of the product ( the region, the farmer, the field) can be traced and the consumer can be assured about the origin claims. It is also possible in mixed final products to state where the different component of such a mixture originated. For retailers or stores that claim to sell locally produced food and for their clients, it offers the possibility to trace the product and verify the claims as long as the system is fool proof.??Good agricultural practice implies that the correct dose of fertilizer is applied at the correct moment and in the correct way. The correct dose depends on the soil condition or the crop condition. Numerous efforts have been done for automation of the measurement of nutrient availability in the soils. They include automation of soil sampling for laboratory chemical analysis. The time delay for getting the results can be reduced by using near field chemical analysis using optical VIS/NIR techniques or electrochemical sensors on prepared sam

机译：农业信息和通信技术的突破提供了新的工具，从而实现了努力和投入的更定期和合理的分配。这导致当前的农业管理系统和作物管理策略，以考虑作物的时间和空间可变性。这种突然的新型技术，被称为农业4.0在精密农业中，可以彻底改变农业和预示着一个更自主和稳定的农业世界的黎明。不同应用的托盘可以利用这种新技术，例如植物育种，营养援助或害虫管理。害虫监测系统和等效的局部处理涂抹器可以被认为是由用于检测和3D自然结构的3D建模的（1）感知（传感器）组成的复杂人工系统，重点关注重要性和兴趣的价值。（2）决策（加工）为制定将从模型中提取的利息参数进行制定的行动计划，始终考虑到察觉和既定的目标。（3）致动（执行器）：实施治疗计划，通过智能工具的控制和开发结束感知直接致动环。用于对自主移动平台进行治疗的动作装置的检测和控制的感知系统的集成将允许更详细的，因此有效，有害的害虫处理，以及用于农业食物链和环境的更精确和安全。这种普遍方法是农业机器人的基础.???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????一些举措来自各国政府，以保护公民的健康状况，另一个是种植者和零售商的私营计划，以满足客户对食品安全和环境可持续性的期望。食物链中的每个人都假定如果生产完整的农业实践（GAP）完成，则可以满足这些预期。它还似乎，在生产和分配各个阶段的动物饲料，材料和食品的起源和目的地必须是已知的，并且作为合格当局或在制造商或零售商的食品安全部门提供的信息。全球G.A.P.是主要农业生产标准的一个例子。零售商，食品贸易商和种植者之间的伙伴关系管理并维持全球使用的该标准。目的是确保全球农业标准的诚信，透明度和协调，因为食品采购新鲜农产品或加工农产品，已成为全球活动。精密农业？技术和机器人分享差距的潜在思想，可能成为遵守法规的重要工具，并将生产条件的文件作为遵守证明。该计划涵盖了经认证产品的整个农业生产过程，从工厂之前（种子和苗圃控制点）到非加工结束产品（产生处理控制点）。为了应对快速改变作物保护产品立法，全球G.A.P.的挑战。组织制定了指导票据，以帮助农民和种植者更加了解产品在市场上的市场中的最大残留限额（MRLS）.Precision养殖和在农业上使用全球定位系统（GPS）机械，提供所有治疗的位置和时间信息。这当然对不同治疗期间的自动化等自动化或关于作物状态，疾病和产量的数据的集合非常重要。收获后，可以将GPS数据添加到装运文件中，使得可以追踪产品的原点（区域，农民，该领域）并且可以向消费者提供关于原点的要求。在混合最终产物中也可以在这种混合物的不同组分起源于此。对于声称出售当地生产的食品和客户的零售商或商店，它提供了追踪产品的可能性，并且只要系统是傻瓜证明，就可以验证索赔。良好的农业实践意味着正确剂量的肥料是在正确的时刻和正确的方式应用。正确的剂量取决于土壤条件或作物条件。已经为土壤中养分可用性测量的自动化进行了许多努力。它们包括用于实验室化学分析的土壤采样自动化。通过使用光学VIR / NIR技术或制备的SAM上的电化学传感器使用近场化学分析，可以减少获得结果的时间延迟

Robotics 2019 Robotics for a sustainable precision agriculture - Gerassimos Peteinatos - University of Hohenheim

摘要

著录项

相似文献

相关主题

期刊订阅