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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development >Rethinking the Kibera ‘Slum’: The Role of Social Networks as a Mechanism for Coping with the Increased Demand for Job Opportunities
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Rethinking the Kibera ‘Slum’: The Role of Social Networks as a Mechanism for Coping with the Increased Demand for Job Opportunities

机译：重新思考Kibera'Slum'：社交网络作为应对工作机会增加的机制的作用

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Rural-urban migration is a livelihood strategy used to increase income at the household level. This study proposes four stages of livelihood enhancement in the urban informal sector: (1) Migration from rural to urban areas, (2) Entering an informal sector, (3) Formation of self-help groups and local enterprises and (4) Expansion of stable income-generating activities. At these different stages, social networks play critical roles in connecting new migrants to the assets and networks that they need to increase and stabilize their income. At the forth stage, migrants who operate local enterprises start creating ties with their business partners in the formal sector. Yet, they tend to choose to remain in the informal sector because of the better access to income, assets and networks. The traditional dualistic view of labour market, which is segmented into the formal and informal sectors, is not applicable to the cases observed in Kibera because the residents’ ultimate goal for livelihood enhancement is not solely to enter the formal market but also to maximize their income. Economic activities observed in Kibera cannot be fully explained by applying the existing studies and general theories of ‘slum’ as evidenced by this study. Comprehending the current state of Kibera leads to plentiful implication for expanding the theory and practice of sustainable development the in the informal sector.
机译：农村城市移民是用于增加家庭级别收入的生计战略。本研究提出了城市非正规部门的四个生计增强阶段：（1）从农村到城市地区的移民，（2）进入非正​​式部门，（3）组建自助集团和当地企业和（4）扩建稳定的创收活动。在这些不同的阶段，社交网络在将新移民与资产和网络联系起来，他们在将其增加和稳定收入稳定的资产和网络中发挥着关键作用。在第四阶段，经营当地企业的移民开始与其在正式部门的业务合作伙伴建立联系。然而，由于获得收入，资产和网络，他们倾向于选择留在非正规部门。劳动力市场的传统双重观点被分割为正式和非正式部门，不适用于在基伯拉观察到的案件，因为居民的生计增强目标不仅仅进入正式市场，还可以最大限度地进入其收入。通过应用本研究证明的“贫民窟”的现有研究和一般理论，不能完全解释在北洲观察到的经济活动。理解基于kibera的当前状态导致扩大可行发展的可持续发展理论和实践的丰富含义。

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