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Effects of a priori profile shape assumptions on comparisons between satellite NOsub2/sub columns and model simulations

机译：先验轮廓形状假设对卫星NO 2 列和模型模拟比较的影响

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A critical step in satellite retrievals of trace gas columns is the calculation of the air mass factor (AMF) used to convert observed slant columns to vertical columns. This calculation requires a priori information on the shape of the vertical profile. As a result, comparisons between satellite-retrieved and model-simulated column abundances are influenced by the a priori profile shape. We examine how differences between the shape of the simulated and a priori profiles can impact the interpretation of satellite retrievals by performing an adjoint-based four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) assimilation of synthetic NO2 observations for constraining NOx emissions. We use the GEOS-Chem adjoint model to perform assimilations using a variety of AMFs to examine how a posteriori emission estimates are affected if the AMF is calculated using an a priori shape factor that is inconsistent with the simulated profile. In these tests, an inconsistent a priori shape factor increased root mean square errors in a posteriori emission estimates by up to 30 % for realistic conditions over polluted regions. As the difference between the simulated profile shape and the a priori profile shape increases, so do the corresponding assimilated emission errors. This reveals the importance of using simulated profile information for AMF calculations when comparing that simulated output to satellite-retrieved columns.
机译：痕量气柱的卫星检索的关键步骤是计算用于将观察到的倾斜柱转换为垂直柱的空气质量因子（AMF）。该计算需要关于垂直轮廓的形状的先验信息。结果，卫星检索和模型模拟柱比率之间的比较受先验轮廓形状的影响。我们研究模拟和先验轮廓的形状之间的差异如何通过执行基于伴随的四维变分（4d-var）同化的合成NO2观察的伴随的卫星检索来影响卫星检索的解释，用于约束NOx排放。我们使用GeoS-Chem伴随模型使用各种AMF来执行同化，以检查如何使用与模拟配置文件不一致的先验形状因子计算AMF来影响后验发射估计。在这些测试中，先验的形状因子不一致，在后验发射估计中增加了高达30％的根均线误差，以获得污染区域的现实条件。由于模拟轮廓形状和先验轮廓形状之间的差异增加，相应的同化发射误差也是如此。这揭示了在将模拟输出到卫星检索的列中的模拟输出进行比较时使用模拟配置文件信息的重要性。

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