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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: biomolecule-nanoparticle organizations targeting antimicrobial activity

机译：银纳米粒子的绿色合成：生物分子 - 纳米粒子组织靶向抗微生物活性

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Since discovery of the first antibiotic drug, penicillin, in 1928, a variety of antibiotic and antimicrobial agents have been developed and used for both human therapy and industrial applications. However, excess and uncontrolled use of antibiotic agents has caused a significant growth in the number of drug resistant pathogens. Novel therapeutic approaches replacing the inefficient antibiotics are in high demand to overcome increasing microbial multidrug resistance. In the recent years, ongoing research has focused on development of nano-scale objects as efficient antimicrobial therapies. Among the various nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have gained much attention due to their unique antimicrobial properties. However, concerns about the synthesis of these materials such as use of precursor chemicals and toxic solvents, and generation of toxic byproducts have led to a new alternative approach, green synthesis. This eco-friendly technique incorporates use of biological agents, plants or microbial agents as reducing and capping agents. Silver nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry offer a novel and potential alternative to chemically synthesized nanoparticles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, their application as antimicrobial agents and mechanism of antimicrobial mode of action.
机译：由于在1928年发现了第一抗生素药物，青霉素，已经开发了各种抗生素和抗微生物剂，并用于人类治疗和工业应用。然而，过量和不受控制的抗生素药物的使用使得耐药病原体数量具有显着的生长。更换低效抗生素的新型治疗方法很高，要求克服增加的微生物多药耐药性。在近年来，正在进行的研究侧重于纳米级对象的发展，作为高效的抗微生物疗法。在各种纳米颗粒中，由于其独特的抗微生物性质，银纳米颗粒效应了很多。然而，对这些材料的合成的担忧如使用前体化学品和有毒溶剂，以及毒性副产物的产生导致了一种新的替代方法，绿色合成。这种环保技术包括使用生物药物，植物或微生物剂作为还原剂和封端剂。通过绿色化学合成的银纳米颗粒提供了化学合成纳米颗粒的新颖和潜在的替代品。在本综述中，我们讨论了绿色合成的近期银纳米粒子的进展，它们作为抗微生物剂和抗菌作用方式的机制。

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