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Life cycle assessment of polyphenols extraction processes from waste biomass

机译：废物生物质中多酚提取工艺的生命周期评估

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Waste biomass from forestry and wood processing industries is a source to obtain fine chemicals, and its processing is a good example of circular economy, but it generates secondary environmental impacts. The main objective of this study was to analyse the environmental performances of laboratory scale processes for polyphenols extraction from spruce bark by means of life cycle assessment (LCA) and to simulate and evaluate the scale-up possibilities of the most favourable alternative. The assessed extraction processes were: a classic Soxhlet extraction using ethanol as solvent (SE), a high-temperature extraction in 1% NaOH solution (NaOH-SLE) and an ultrasound assisted extraction process (UAE). The functional unit was 1?mg of extracted polyphenols, measured as gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE)/g spruce bark. The life cycle inventory has included specific laboratory scale operations and extraction processes (infrastructure and transport processes were not considered). Life cycle impact assessment was performed with ReCipe 2016 at midpoint. For all extraction processes, the environmental profiles were dominated by the electricity use for heating and this has generated the highest impacts in most of the impact categories, followed by the production and use of ethanol as solvent. For the ultrasound assisted extraction, a scale-up scenario has proven that by raising capacity to a 30?L extraction vessel and by changing the heating source to a biomass-fired boiler, environmental impacts may be greatly diminished. The paper discusses also the uncertainty of lab-scale generated data for LCA. A sensitivity analysis has proven that for this case, the energy efficiency of different lab-scale equipment induce acceptable degrees of uncertainty for the LCA results.
机译：废物生物量来自林业和木材加工行业是获得精细化学品的源泉，其加工是循环经济的一个很好的例子，但它产生了次要环境影响。本研究的主要目的是通过生命周期评估（LCA）分析来自云杉树皮的多酚提取的实验室规模过程的环境性能，并模拟和评估最有利的替代方案的扩展可能性。评估的提取方法是：使用乙醇作为溶剂（SE），在1％NaOH溶液（NaOH-SL）中的高温提取和超声辅助提取过程（UAE）的经典Soxhlet萃取。功能单元为1·mg提取的多酚，测量为无碱酸等当量（mg gae）/ g云纹树皮。生命周期库存包括特定的实验室规模操作和提取过程（未考虑基础设施和运输过程）。在中点的配方2016年进行生命周期影响评估。对于所有提取过程，环境型材以供暖的电力为主，这产生了大部分冲击类别的​​最高影响，然后产生和使用乙醇作为溶剂。对于超声辅助提取，通过将容量提高到30μl萃取容器，并通过将加热源改变为生物质烧制的锅炉，环境影响可能大大减少了环境影响。本文还讨论了LCA的实验室规模生成数据的不确定性。敏感性分析证明，对于这种情况，不同的实验室规模设备的能效诱导LCA结果的可接受的不确定性。

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