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首页> 外文期刊>Scientific reports. >Task-irrelevant odours affect both response inhibition and response readiness in fast-paced Go/No-Go task: the case of valence
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Task-irrelevant odours affect both response inhibition and response readiness in fast-paced Go/No-Go task: the case of valence

机译：任务 - 无关的气味会影响快节奏GO / No-Go任务中的响应抑制和响应准备：价值

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Whether emotional stimuli influence both response readiness and inhibition is highly controversial. Visual emotional stimuli appear to interfere with both under certain conditions (e.g., task relevance). Whether the effect is generalisable to salient yet task-irrelevant stimuli, such as odours, remains elusive. We tested the effect of orthonasally-presented pleasant (orange) and unpleasant odours (trimethyloxazole and hexenol) and clean air as a control on response inhibition. In emotional Go/No-Go paradigms, we manipulated the intertrial interval and ratios of Go/No-Go trials to account for motor (Experiment 1, N?=?31) and cognitive (Experiment 2, N?=?29) response inhibition processes. In Experiment 1, participants had greater difficulty in withholding and produced more accurate and faster Go responses under the pleasant vs. the control condition. Faster Go responses were also evident in the unpleasant vs. the control condition. In Experiment 2, neither pleasant nor unpleasant odours modulated action withholding, but both elicited more accurate and faster Go responses as compared to the control condition. Pleasant odours significantly impair action withholding (as compared to the control condition), indicating that more inhibitory resources are required to elicit successful inhibition in the presence of positive emotional information. This modulation was revealed for the motor aspect of response inhibition (fast-paced design with lower Go/No-Go trial ratio) rather than for attentional interference processes. Response readiness is critically impacted by the emotional nature of the odour (but not by its valence). Our findings highlight that the valence of task-irrelevant odour stimuli is a factor significantly influencing response inhibition.
机译：情绪刺激是否影响反应准备和抑制是高度争议的。视觉情绪刺激似乎在某些条件下干扰（例如，任务相关性）。效果是否是普遍性的，突出的任务 - 无关刺激，例如气味，仍然难以捉摸。我们测试了正交呈递（橙色）和令人不快的气味（三甲基恶唑和己烯醇）的效果，以及清洁空气作为对响应抑制的控制。在情感转移/禁止范式中，我们操纵了去/禁止试验的闭间间隔和比率，以考虑电动机（实验1，n？= 31）和认知（实验2，n？= 29）响应抑制过程。在实验1中，参与者在扣留和生产更准确和更快的响应方面有更大的困难。在令人难以愉快的对控制条件下，更快的回复也很明显。在实验2中，既不令人愉快的也不令人不快的气味调制扣留行动，但与控制条件相比，两者都引发了更准确和更快的响应。令人愉快的气味显着损害行动扣缴（与控制条件相比），表明在积极情绪信息存在下需要更多的抑制资源来引起成功的抑制。对于响应抑制的电机方面（快节奏设计，具有较低的GO / NO-GO-GO-GO-GO-WAT-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-GO-PREATIAL的快速设计），而不是用于注意力干扰过程的这种调制。反应准备对气味的情感性质（但不是其价值）受到严重影响。我们的研究结果强调了任务 - 无关气味刺激的价值是影响反应抑制的因素。

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